前言：

業務系統oralce 資料庫版本為10gR2，同時字符集為ZHS16GBK，而中間庫對應的版本是11gR2 同時字符集為UTF8，由於 資料庫字符集在建立資料庫時指定，在建立後通常不能更改。所以中間庫需要新增定義以字符集為ZHS16GBK的例項。

註釋：新增SID：hsdb1

步驟：

1登入終端，並切換至Oracle 使用者

Connecting to 10.7.101.24:22...

Connection established.

To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.

Last login: Wed May 25 09:20:05 2016 from 172.16.112.92

[
 
[email protected] ~]# su - oracle

2檢視當前oracle變數和sqlplus執行情況

[[email protected] ~]$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=dwdb
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[[email protected] ~]$

[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed May 25 09:27
 
:52 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> exit
[oracle@dwtest ~]$

3設定新的例項

[[email protected] ~]$  export ORACLE_SID=hsdb1

4新例項建立密碼檔案

[[email protected] ~]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwhsdb1  password=oracle entries=10

5建立pfile檔案

[[email protected] ~]$ cd
 
 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[[email protected] admin]$ vi inithsdb1.ora

inithsdb1.ora 中需要新增的內容如下

[[email protected] dbs]$ cat inithsdb1.ora
db_name='hsdb1'
memory_target=4294967296
processes = 1000
audit_file_dest='/oracle/admin/hsdb1/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
db_recovery_file_dest='/oracle/hsdb1/flash_recovery_area'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
diagnostic_dest='/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=hsdb1XDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'
# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical
# devices
control_files=(/oracle/hsdb1/ora_control1,/oracle/hsdb1/ora_control2)
compatible ='11.2.0.4.0'
undo_management=AUTO

6建立例項相關的目錄

[[email protected] /]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/hsdb1/adump
[[email protected] /]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/hsdb1/bdump
[[email protected] /]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/hsdb1/cdump
[[email protected] /]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/hsdb1/udump
[[email protected] /]$ mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/hsdb1/pfile 

7建立一個數據庫執行指令碼

[[email protected] /]$ mkdir /oracle/hsdb1
[[email protected] oracle]$ mkdir /oracle/hsdb1/flash_recovery_area

[[email protected] /]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[[email protected] dbs]$ touch hsdb1.sql

hsdb1.sql中需要新增的內容如下

[[email protected] oracle]$ vi spdbface.sql

spool dbcreate.log;
spool dbcreate.log;
create DATABASE "hsdb1"
MAXDATAFILES 500
MAXINSTANCES  8
MAXLOGFILES   32
CHARACTER SET "ZHS16GBK"
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
ARCHIVELOG
DATAFILE
'/oracle/hsdb1/system01.dbf' SIZE 300M
SYSAUX DATAFILE
'/oracle/hsdb1/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 120M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp TEMPFILE '/oracle/hsdb1/tempts01.dbf' SIZE 100M EXTENT
MANAGEMENT LOCAL
UNDO TABLESPACE "UNDOTBS2"
DATAFILE '/oracle/hsdb1/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M
LOGFILE
GROUP 1(
'/oracle/hsdb1/redo01a.rdo',
'/oracle/hsdb1/redo01b.rdo'
) SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2(
'/oracle/hsdb1/redo02a.rdo',
'/oracle/hsdb1/redo02b.rdo'
)SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3(
'/oracle/hsdb1/redo03a.rdo',
'/oracle/hsdb1/redo03b.rdo'
)SIZE 100M
;
spool off

8建立spfile並將並將資料庫啟動到nomount 狀態

[[email protected] oracle]$  sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed May 25 10:05:15 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> connect /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;

File created.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 4275781632 bytes
Fixed Size            2260088 bytes
Variable Size         2650801032 bytes
Database Buffers     1610612736 bytes
Redo Buffers           12107776 bytes
SQL>

9執行資料庫指令碼

@$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/hsdb1.sql

10建立表空間

create tablespace hsdb1_db datafile'/oracle/hsdb1/hsdb1_db.dbf' size 500M autoextend on next 1000M maxsize unlimited extent management local segment space management auto;

11建立資料字典

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql 
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
SQL> SELECT dbms_registry_sys.time_stamp('CATPROC') AS timestamp FROM DUAL;

TIMESTAMP
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMP_TIMESTAMP CATPROC    2016-05-25 10:21:09

1 row selected.

SQL>
SQL> SET SERVEROUTPUT OFF

SQL>@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

12建立使用者

SQL> create user hs identified by  FoticHs;

User created.

grant create session,create table,create view ,create sequence,unlimited tablespace to hs;

SQL> grant create session,create table,create view ,create sequence,unlimited tablespace to hs;

Grant succeeded.

13建立監聽器

 SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = hsdb1)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL DBNAME = orcl) 
      (SID_NAME = spdbface)
    )
  )
LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

14啟動監聽器

[[email protected] dbs]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 25-MAY-2016 10:30:28

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

TNS-01106: Listener using listener name LISTENER has already been started

15驗證登入PL/sql Developer檢視字符集：

注：之前修正報錯如下：

補充：

在 11g 中，引入 Automatic Memory Management（自動記憶體管理，AMM）。通過使用兩個引數，MEMORY_MAX_TARGET 和 ，可以啟用

 PGA 和 SGA 的自動調整。

AMM引數

自動記憶體管理是用兩個初始化引數進行配置的：

MEMORY_TARGET：動態控制SGA和PGA時，Oracle總共可以使用的共享記憶體大小，這個引數是動態的，因此提供給Oracle的記憶體總量是可以動態增大，也可以動態減小的。它不能超過MEMORY_MAX_TARGET引數設定的大小。預設值是0。

MEMORY_MAX_TARGET：這個引數定義了MEMORY_TARGET最大可以達到而不用重啟例項的值，如果沒有設定MEMORY_MAX_TARGET值，預設等於MEMORY_TARGET的值。

使用動態記憶體管理時，SGA_TARGET和PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET代表它們各自記憶體區域的最小設定，要讓Oracle完全控制記憶體管理，這兩個引數應該設定為0。