一、mysql基礎安裝

1、系統約定：
安裝檔案下載目錄：/data/software
Mysql目錄安裝位置：/usr/local/mysql
資料庫儲存位置：/data/mysql
日誌儲存位置：/data/log/mysql

2、列出所有被安裝的rpm package
rpm -qa | grep mariadb
3、強制解除安裝
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.37-1.el7_0.x86_64 //後面mariadb，根據查到的名稱修改
4、刪除相關資料夾
find / -name mysql
rm -rf /usr/lib64/mysql
rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql

##如果有安裝檔案，需要通過rz上傳

##如果沒有安裝檔案，可以下載
mkdir /data
mkdir /data/software
mkdir /data/mysql
mkdir /data/log
mkdir /data/log/mysql

如果已經有包：

tar -zxvf /opt/tools/mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local

mv mysql-5.7.19-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

5、新建mysql使用者、組及目錄
##新建一個msyql組
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql -d /usr/local/mysql
##新建msyql使用者禁止登入shell

6、改變目錄屬有者
cd /usr/local/mysql
pwd
chown mysql.mysql mysql -R
chown -R mysql /data/mysql

7、配置引數
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql

########################################################################################################################

##記錄生成的臨時密碼(非常重要，後續要用到)

8、修改系統配置檔案

cd support-files
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

vim /etc/my.cnf （主伺服器，如果只部署一臺，就忽略從伺服器的配置）

[client]
port=3306
#socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
log_bin = master-log
max_binlog_size = 64M
binlog_format = mixed
log-error=/var/log/mysql.log
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/tmp/mysqld.pid
server_id = 1

vim /etc/my.cnf （從伺服器）

[client]
port=3306
#socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user = mysql
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
log_bin = slave-log
max_binlog_size = 64M
log_slave_updates = on
binlog_format = mixed
relay_log = relay-bin
log-error=/var/log/mysql.log
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
pid-file=/tmp/mysqld.pid
server_id = 2

vim /etc/profile

找到最後一行：輸入：export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH

source /etc/profile

chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
chmod -R 755 /data/mysql

cd /usr/local/mysql

9、啟動mysql
systemctl restart mysqld.service

檢視狀態：
systemctl status mysqld

自動啟動：
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on

10、修改root密碼，賦權

mysql -u root -p
–輸入第6步生成的臨時密碼

修改密碼：
set password=password(‘新密碼’);

建立其他使用者：
create user ‘ddweb’@‘localhost’ identified by ‘AfHg5dUufh6%2’;

賦權：所有庫.表，給指定的ddweb使用者，並只允許以下5個IP進行訪問
grant all privileges on . to ‘ddweb’@‘172.16.24.34’ identified by ‘AfHg5dUufh6%2’;
grant all privileges on . to ‘ddweb’@‘172.16.24.35’ identified by ‘AfHg5dUufh6%2’;
grant all privileges on . to ‘ddweb’@‘172.16.24.36’ identified by ‘AfHg5dUufh6%2’;
grant all privileges on . to ‘ddweb’@‘172.16.24.37’ identified by ‘AfHg5dUufh6%2’;
grant all privileges on . to ‘ddweb’@‘172.16.24.38’ identified by ‘AfHg5dUufh6%2’;

重新整理許可權：flush privileges;

檢視許可權：
use mysql;
select host,user from user;

二、MySQL主從複製
1、場景描述：
主資料庫伺服器：172.16.24.36，MySQL已經安裝，並且無應用資料。
從資料庫伺服器：172.16.24.37，MySQL已經安裝，並且無應用資料。

》》》在主庫36上執行：

授權給從資料庫伺服器：
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON . to ‘ddweb’@‘172.16.24.37’ identified by ‘AfHg5dUufh6%2’;

查詢主資料庫狀態

Mysql> show master status;

±-----------------±---------±-------------±-----------------+
|
File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |

±-----------------±---------±-------------±-----------------+
|
mysql-bin.000005 | 261 | | |

±-----------------±---------±-------------±-----------------+

記錄下 FILE 及 Position 的值，在後面進行從伺服器操作的時候需要用到

》》》在從庫37上執行：
執行同步SQL語句（注：mysql-bin.000005、261就是上述主庫查到的資訊）
change master to master_host=‘172.16.24.36’,master_user=‘ddweb’,master_password=‘AfHg5dUufh6%2’,master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000005’,master_log_pos=261,master_port=3306;

正確執行後啟動Slave同步程序
mysql> start slave;

主從同步檢查
mysql> show slave status

mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 172.16.24.36
Master_User: ddweb
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1180
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 320
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1180
Relay_Log_Space: 1713
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 36
Master_UUID: 94f0b88c-dccc-11e8-9fe4-0cda411d7299
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

其中Slave_IO_Running 與 Slave_SQL_Running 的值都必須為YES，才表明狀態正常

2、驗證主從複製效果

》》》主伺服器上的操作

在主伺服器上建立資料庫first_db

mysql> create database first_db;

Query Ok, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

在主伺服器上建立表first_tb

mysql> create table first_tb(id int(3),name char(10));

Query Ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

在主伺服器上的表first_tb中插入記錄

mysql> insert into first_tb values (001,’myself’);

Query Ok, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

》》》在從伺服器上檢視

show databases;
use first_db;
select * from first_db;
由此，整個MySQL主從複製的過程就完成了