Mockito單元測試-註解的詳細使用
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-04
1，@Mock
@Target(FIELD)@Retention(RUNTIME)@Documentedpublic@interfaceMock{Answers answer()defaultAnswers.RETURNS_DEFAULTS;String name()default"";Class<?>[] extraInterfaces()default{};}
@Mock註解，我們用來初始化Mock物件。代替我們在不使用註解的場景中使用的Mockito.mock(xxx.class)方法。
2，@Spy
@Retention(RUNTIME)@Target(FIELD)@Documentedpublic@interfaceSpy{}
@Spy註解，具體的使用我們可以參考文件
*<h4>Important gotcha on spying real objects!</h4>*<ol>*<li>Sometimes it's impossible or impractical to use {@linkMockito#when(Object)}for stubbing spies.*Thereforefor spies it is recommended to always use <code>doReturn</code>|<code>Answer</code>|<code>Throw()</code>|<code>CallRealMethod</code>* family of methods for stubbing.Example:**<pre class="code"><code class="java">*List list =newLinkedList();*List spy = spy(list);**//Impossible: real method is called so spy.get(0) throws IndexOutOfBoundsException (the list is yet empty)* when(spy.get(0)).thenReturn("foo");**//You have to use doReturn() for stubbing* doReturn("foo").when(spy).get(0);*</code></pre>*</li>**<li>Mockito<b>*does not*</b> delegate calls to the passed real instance, instead it actually creates a copy of it.*Soif you keep the real instance and interact with it, don't expect the spied to be aware of those interaction* and their effect on real instance state.*The corollary is that when an <b>*unstubbed*</b> method is called <b>*on the spy*</b> but <b>*not on the real instance*</b>,* you won't see any effects on the real instance.</li>**<li>Watch out forfinal methods.*Mockito doesn't mock final methods so the bottom line is: when you spy on real objects + you try to stub a final method = trouble.*Also you won't be able to verify those method as well.*</li>*</ol>**<p>*<strong>One last warning :</strong>if you call <code>MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this)</code> in a*superclass<strong>constructor</strong> then this will not work.It is because fields* in subclass are only instantiated after superclass constructor has returned.*It's better to use @Before.*<strong>Instead</strong> you can also put initMocks() in your JUnit runner (@RunWith) or use the built-in*{@link org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner}.
3，@InjectMocks
Mockito通過此註解會自動注入mocks 物件到我們註解的變數中。如果注入失敗，不會通知我們，所以我們需要自己對失敗的物件做處理。
4，MockitoAnnotations.initMocks
初始化我們的Mock註解。
5，例項
package com.raycloud.dmj.services.gray;import com.raycloud.cache.CacheException;import com.raycloud.cache.ICache;import com.raycloud.dmj.domain.Configurable;import com.raycloud.grayrelease.HitReceipt;import junit.framework.TestCase;import org.junit.Before;import org.junit.Test;import org.mockito.*;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;/*** GrayServiceTest* Created by jinglongjun on 16/3/4.*/publicclassGrayServiceTestextendsTestCase{@Spy@InjectMocksprivateGrayService grayService;@MockConfigurable config;@MockICache cache;@Beforepublicvoid setUp(){MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);}@Testpublicvoid testList(){List<String> strs =newArrayList<String>();strs.add("1");strs.add("2");System.out.println(strs);}/*** 正常碰撞進入快取** @throws CacheException*/@Testpublicvoid testSetCacheList()throwsCacheException{HitReceipt hitReceipt =newHitReceipt();hitReceipt.setUid("1");hitReceipt.setNick("1");hitReceipt.setForward(true);Map<String,HitReceipt> users =newHashMap<String,HitReceipt>();Mockito.when(cache.get(GrayUtil.getCacheUsers())).thenReturn(users);grayService.setCacheList(hitReceipt);grayService.setCacheList(hitReceipt);grayService.setCacheList(hitReceipt);grayService.setCacheList(hitReceipt);Mockito.verify(cache,Mockito.atLeastOnce()).set(GrayUtil.getCacheUsers(), users);}