最近根據使用者的需求寫了這個功能。

主要流程如下：

1. 使用 CreateGISServerConnectionFile 連線server ；
2. 使用 CreateMapSDDraft 將 地圖文件（.mxd） 轉換為服務定義草稿（.sddraft） ；
3. 使用arcpy.StageService_server() 將 服務定義草稿(.sddraft) 轉換為 服務定義(.sd)檔案；
4. 使用 arcpy.UploadServiceDefinition_server() 將 服務定義 (.sd)檔案上傳到server。

P.S：
wrkspc儘量用英文路徑；

server_url 要書寫正確；

生成的sd檔案和sddraft檔案不會自動刪除。

# Publishes a service to machine myserver using USA.mxd
# A connection to ArcGIS Server must be established in the
#  Catalog window of ArcMap before running this script
# Import arcpy module  
import arcpy  

# Define local variables
wrkspc = 'E:/demo/'
mapDoc = arcpy.mapping.MapDocument(wrkspc + '1.mxd'
 
)

# Provide path to connection file
# To create this file, right-click a folder in the Catalog window and
#  click New > ArcGIS Server Connection

out_folder_path = wrkspc
con_Filename = "connection.ags"
server_url = "https://sms.esrichina.com:6443/arcgis/admin"
staging_folder_path = wrkspc
username = "arcgis"
 

password = "Super123"

arcpy.mapping.CreateGISServerConnectionFile("ADMINISTER_GIS_SERVICES"   ,  
                                            out_folder_path,  
                                            con_Filename,  
                                            server_url,  
                                            "ARCGIS_SERVER",  
                                            False,  
                                            staging_folder_path,  
                                            username,  
                                            password,  
                                            "SAVE_USERNAME")  
# Provide other service details
serviceName = 'pythonTest'
sddraft = wrkspc + serviceName + '.sddraft'
sd = wrkspc + serviceName + '.sd'
summary = 'summary'
tags = 'tags'

# Create service definition draft
arcpy.mapping.CreateMapSDDraft(mapDoc, sddraft, serviceName, 'ARCGIS_SERVER', con_Filename, True, None, summary, tags)

# Analyze the service definition draft
analysis = arcpy.mapping.AnalyzeForSD(sddraft)

# Print errors, warnings, and messages returned from the analysis
print "The following information was returned during analysis of the MXD:"
for key in ('messages', 'warnings', 'errors'):
  print '----' + key.upper() + '---'
  vars = analysis[key]
  for ((message, code), layerlist) in vars.iteritems():
    print '    ', message, ' (CODE %i)' % code
    print '       applies to:',
    for layer in layerlist:
        print layer.name,
    print

# Stage and upload the service if the sddraft analysis did not contain errors
if analysis['errors'] == {}:
    # Execute StageService. This creates the service definition.
    arcpy.StageService_server(sddraft, sd)

    # Execute UploadServiceDefinition. This uploads the service definition and publishes the service.
    arcpy.UploadServiceDefinition_server(sd, con_Filename)
    print "Service successfully published"
else: 
    print "Service could not be published because errors were found during analysis."

print arcpy.GetMessages()