構建web虛擬主機：

一、前言：

虛擬web主機指的是在同一臺伺服器中執行多個web站點，其中的每一個站點實際上並不獨立佔用整個伺服器。因此被稱為“虛擬的”web主機，通過虛擬web主機服務可以充分利用伺服器的硬體資源，從而大大降低了網站構建及執行成本。

使用httpd可以非常方便地構建虛擬機器主機伺服器，只需要執行一個httpd服務就能夠同時支撐大量的web站點。Httpd支援的虛擬主機型別包括以下三種。

1. 基於ip地址，為每個虛擬主機使用不同的ip，且各自對應的ip地址也不相同。這種方式需要為都無權配置多個網路介面，因此應用並不是非常廣泛。
2. 基於埠：這種方式並不適用域名、ip地址來區分不同的站點內容，而是使用了不同的tcp埠號，因此使用者在瀏覽不同的虛擬站點時需要同時指定埠號才能訪問。

二、基於域名的虛擬機器配置方法：

1、為虛擬主機配置域名解析（上幾張安裝了DNS服務，在裡面新增兩條A記錄即可）：

[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/named/server.com.zone

$TTL 3600

@  SOA  server.com. admin.server.com. (

                                        2000    ; serial

                                        1D      ; refresh

                                        1H      ; retry

                                        1W      ; expire

                                        3H )    ; minimum

@               IN      NS      linux-node3.server.com.

                IN      NS      linux-node4.server.com.

linux-node3      IN      A       192.168.10.103

linux-node4      IN      A       192.168.10.104

abc             IN      A       192.168.10.104

vip             IN      A       192.168.10.66

aaa             IN      A       192.168.10.106

bbb             IN      A       192.168.10.106

2、測試兩條A記錄是否能解析：

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager

search server.com

nameserver 192.168.10.103   #指向自己指定的DNS伺服器

[[email protected] ~]#

[[email protected] ~]# nslookup aaa.server.com

Server:         192.168.10.103

Address:        192.168.10.103#53

Name:   aaa.server.com

Address: 192.168.10.106

[[email protected] ~]#

[[email protected] ~]# nslookup bbb.server.com

Server:         192.168.10.103

Address:        192.168.10.103#53

Name:   bbb.server.com

Address: 192.168.10.106

3、為虛擬主機準備網頁文件：

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/aaa

[[email protected] ~]# mkdir /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbb

[[email protected] ~]# echo "<h1>aaa.server.com</h1>" > /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/aaa/index.html

[[email protected] ~]# echo "<h1>bbb.server.com</h1>" > /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbb/index.html

4、新增虛擬主機配置：

[[email protected] ~]# vi /usr/local/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf   #最後面新增這些內容

<Directory "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs">

    Order allow,deny

    Allow from all

</Directory>

<VirtualHost 192.168.10.106>

    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/aaa"

    ServerName aaa.server.com

    ErrorLog "logs/aaa.server.com-error_log"

    CustomLog "logs/aaa.server.com-access_log" common

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.10.106>

    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbb"

    ServerName bbb.server.com

    ErrorLog "logs/bbb.server.com-error_log"

    CustomLog "logs/bbb.server.com-access_log" common

</VirtualHost>

[[email protected] ~]# vi /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf    //去掉#號，載入此Include

5、驗證：

三、基於ip的虛擬機器配置方法：

1、這裡我要多加一個網絡卡，然後配置新網的ip為192.168.10.107：

[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

[[email protected] network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-eno16777736 ifcfg-ens37

[[email protected] network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-ens37

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=static

DEFROUTE=yes

PEERDNS=yes

PEERROUTES=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_PEERDNS=yes

IPV6_PEERROUTES=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

NAME=ens37

DEVICE=ens37

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.168.10.107

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.168.10.1

[[email protected] network-scripts]# systemctl restart network

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ifconfig ens37

ens37: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        inet 192.168.10.107  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.10.255

        inet6 fd05:fa56:9fbc::2eb  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0<global>

        inet6 fd05:fa56:9fbc:0:20c:29ff:fe7a:f784  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>

        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7a:f784  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

        ether 00:0c:29:7a:f7:84  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 86  bytes 8468 (8.2 KiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 91  bytes 8234 (8.0 KiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

2、新增虛擬主機配置：

[[email protected] ~]# vi /usr/local/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<Directory "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs">

    Order allow,deny

    Allow from all

</Directory>

<VirtualHost 192.168.10.106>

    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/aaa"

    ServerName aaa.server.com

    ErrorLog "logs/aaa.server.com-error_log"

    CustomLog "logs/aaa.server.com-access_log" common

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.10.107>

    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbb"

    ServerName bbb.server.com

    ErrorLog "logs/bbb.server.com-error_log"

    CustomLog "logs/bbb.server.com-access_log" common

</VirtualHost>

[[email protected] ~]# vi /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf    //記得去掉#號，載入此Include

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl -k restart

3、測試：

四、基於埠的虛擬機器配置方法：

1、修改虛擬主機的埠配置：

[[email protected] ~]# vi /usr/local/httpd/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

<Directory "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs">

    Order allow,deny

    Allow from all

</Directory>

<VirtualHost 192.168.10.106:80>

    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/aaa"

    ServerName aaa.server.com

    ErrorLog "logs/aaa.server.com-error_log"

    CustomLog "logs/aaa.server.com-access_log" common

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost 192.168.10.106:888>

    DocumentRoot "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/aaa"

    ServerName aaa.server.com

    ErrorLog "logs/aaa.server.com-error_log"

    CustomLog "logs/aaa.server.com-access_log" common

</VirtualHost>

[[email protected] ~]# vi /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf    //記得去掉#號，載入此Include

Listen 80

Listen 888

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/httpd/bin/apachectl -k restart

[[email protected] ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep httpd

tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      3117/httpd          

tcp6       0      0 :::888                  :::*                    LISTEN      3117/httpd

測試：

虛擬主機配置完啦！下面我們繼續學習其它web東東，是不是很簡單容易掌握。