SpringCloud實現簡單的微服務架構
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-05
原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/lynnlovemin/article/details/79019680
Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的開發便利性巧妙地簡化了分散式系統基礎設施的開發，如服務發現註冊、配置中心、訊息匯流排、負載均衡、斷路器、資料監控等，都可以用Spring Boot的開發風格做到一鍵啟動和部署。Spring並沒有重複製造輪子，它只是將目前各家公司開發的比較成熟、經得起實際考驗的服務框架組合起來，通過Spring Boot風格進行再封裝遮蔽掉了複雜的配置和實現原理，最終給開發者留出了一套簡單易懂、易部署和易維護的分散式系統開發工具包。
接下來我們就使用SpringCloud實現一套簡單的微服務架構。
以下所有程式碼都已開源到github上了，地址：https://github.com/lynnlovemin/softservice
Eureka(服務註冊與發現)
首先引入相關的依賴包
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> - 1
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配置application.yml
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
registerWithEureka: false
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/- 1
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建立啟動類Application
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}- 1
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執行main方法，瀏覽器訪問：http://localhost:8761，我們就能在瀏覽器看到如下介面： 
說明eureka啟動成功。
接下來，我們實現負債均衡、斷路器、閘道器、客戶端，所有的服務都應該註冊到eureka中，並且訪問eureka就能看到所有註冊的服務
client(客戶端)
pom.xml
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>- 1
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application.yml
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #這裡註冊到eureka中
server:
port: 8763
spring:
application:
name: service-hi- 1
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Application類
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RestController
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Applicatioin.class, args);
}
@Value("${server.port}")
String port;
//這裡我們提供一個介面
@RequestMapping("/hi")
public String home(@RequestParam String name) {
return "hi "+name+",i am from port:" +port;
}
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Feign(負債均衡、斷路器)
pom.xml
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
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application.yml
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8765
spring:
application:
name: service-feign
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true- 1
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Application類
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrixDashboard
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
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然後再提供一個service，他的作用就是做負債均衡和斷路器功能
@FeignClient(value = "service-hi",fallback = SchedualServiceHiHystric.class)
public interface SchedualServiceHi {
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi",method = RequestMethod.GET)
String sayHiFromClientOne(@RequestParam(value = "name") String name);
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@Component
public class SchedualServiceHiHystric implements SchedualServiceHi {
@Override
public String sayHiFromClientOne(String name) {
return "sorry "+name;
}
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FeignClient我們指定之前建立client時指定的name:service-hi,fallback指定服務不可用時的返回資料，這樣我們啟動多個client時就可以看到http請求時會交替訪問不同的feign埠，當停掉clien時再訪問介面會返回錯誤資訊。
zuul(服務閘道器)
在一般情況下，我們不會直接暴露客戶端給外部，而是通過服務閘道器來轉發，內部服務都是在區域網內通訊，外部訪問不了，通過服務閘道器，我們還可以統一做介面的安全性校驗，統一攔截，請看程式碼：
pom.xml
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>