1 標準引數

標準引數（-），所有的JVM實現都必須實現這些引數的功能，而且向後相容；
通過命令 java即可檢視
如下

where options include:
    -d32          use a 32-bit data model if available
    -d64          use a 64-bit data model if available
    -server       to select the "server" VM
                  The default VM is server,
                  because you are running on
 
 a server-class machine.


    -cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
    -classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
                  A : separated list of directories, JAR archives,
                  and ZIP archives to search for class files.
    -D<name>=<value
 
>
                  set a system property
    -verbose:[class|gc|jni]
                  enable verbose output
    -version      print product version and exit

2 非標準引數（-X）

非標準引數（-X），預設jvm實現這些引數的功能，但是並不保證所有jvm實現都滿足，且不保證向後相容；
通過命令 java -X，如下

    -Xmixed           mixed mode execution (default)
 
    -Xint             interpreted mode execution only
    -Xbootclasspath:<directories and zip/jar files separated by :>
                      set search path for bootstrap classes and resources
    -Xbootclasspath/a:<directories and zip/jar files separated by :>
                      append to end of bootstrap class path
    -Xbootclasspath/p:<directories and zip/jar files separated by :>
                      prepend in front of bootstrap class path
    -Xdiag            show additional diagnostic messages
    -Xnoclassgc       disable class garbage collection
    -Xincgc           enable incremental garbage collection
    -Xloggc:<file>    log GC status to a file with time stamps
    -Xbatch           disable background compilation
    -Xms<size>        set initial Java heap size
    -Xmx<size>        set maximum Java heap size
    -Xss<size>        set java thread stack size
    -Xprof            output cpu profiling data
    -Xfuture          enable strictest checks, anticipating future default
    -Xrs              reduce use of OS signals by Java/VM (see documentation)
    -Xcheck:jni       perform additional checks for JNI functions
    -Xshare:off       do not attempt to use shared class data
    -Xshare:auto      use shared class data if possible (default)
    -Xshare:on        require using shared class data, otherwise fail.
    -XshowSettings    show all settings and continue
    -XshowSettings:all
                      show all settings and continue
    -XshowSettings:vm show all vm related settings and continue
    -XshowSettings:properties
                      show all property settings and continue
    -XshowSettings:locale
                      show all locale related settings and continue

3 非Stable引數（-XX）

非Stable引數（-XX），此類引數各個jvm實現會有所不同，將來可能會隨時取消，需要慎重使用（但是，這些引數往往是非常有用的）. 通過命令java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal

[Global flags]
    uintx AdaptiveSizeDecrementScaleFactor          = 4                                   {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizeMajorGCDecayTimeScale         = 10                                  {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizePausePolicy                   = 0                                   {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizePolicyCollectionCostMargin    = 50                                  {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizePolicyInitializingSteps       = 20                                  {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizePolicyOutputInterval          = 0                                   {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight                  = 10                                  {product}
    uintx AdaptiveSizeThroughPutPolicy              = 0                                   {product}
    uintx AdaptiveTimeWeight                        = 25                                  {product}
     bool AdjustConcurrency                         = false                               {product}
     bool AggressiveOpts                            = false                               {product}
     intx AliasLevel                                = 3                                   {C2 product}
     bool AlignVector                               = false                               {C2 product}
     intx AllocateInstancePrefetchLines             = 1                                   {product}
     intx AllocatePrefetchDistance                  = 192                                 {product}
     intx AllocatePrefetchInstr                     = 0                                   {product}
     intx AllocatePrefetchLines                     = 4                                   {product}
     intx AllocatePrefetchStepSize                  = 64                                  {product}
     intx AllocatePrefetchStyle                     = 1                                   {product}
     bool AllowJNIEnvProxy                          = false                               {product}
     bool AllowNonVirtualCalls                      = false                               {product}
     bool AllowParallelDefineClass                  = false                               {product}
     bool AllowUserSignalHandlers                   = false                               {product}
     bool AlwaysActAsServerClassMachine             = false                               {product}
     bool AlwaysCompileLoopMethods                  = false                               {product}
     bool AlwaysLockClassLoader                     = false                               {product}
     bool AlwaysPreTouch                            = false                               {product}
     bool AlwaysRestoreFPU                          = false                               {product}
     bool AlwaysTenure                              = false                               {product}
     bool AssertOnSuspendWaitFailure                = false                               {product}
     bool AssumeMP                                  = true                                {product}
     intx AutoBoxCacheMax                           = 128                                 {C2 product}
    uintx AutoGCSelectPauseMillis                   = 5000                                {product}
     intx BCEATraceLevel                            = 0                                   {product}
     intx BackEdgeThreshold                         = 100000                              {pd product}

也可以通過-XX:+PrintCommandLineFlags 。這個引數的作用是顯示出VM初始化完畢後所有跟最初的預設值不同的引數及它們的值。
這個引數至少在Sun JDK 5上已經開始支援，Oracle/Sun JDK 6以及Oracle JDK 7上也可以使用。

再下來，-XX:+PrintFlagsInitial 。這個引數顯示在處理引數之前所有可設定的引數及它們的值，然後直接退出程式。