微信測試號開發之四 獲取access_token和jsapi_ticket
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-10
access_token:公眾號的全域性唯一介面呼叫憑據，公眾號呼叫各介面時都需使用access_token。開發者需要進行妥善儲存。access_token的儲存至少要保留512個字元空間。access_token的有效期目前為2個小時，需定時重新整理，重複獲取將導致上次獲取的access_token失效。
jsapi_ticket:jsapi_ticket是公眾號用於呼叫微信JS介面的臨時票據。正常情況下，jsapi_ticket的有效期為7200秒，通過access_token來獲取。由於獲取jsapi_ticket的api呼叫次數非常有限，頻繁重新整理jsapi_ticket會導致api呼叫受限，影響自身業務，開發者必須在自己的服務全域性快取jsapi_ticket 。
由於上述兩個標識獲取都有限制，而且有效期是兩個小時，所以開發時設定為每一小時獲取一次
（一）：匯入httpclient依賴和jackson依賴
<!-- httpclient --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId> <version>4.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpclient-cache</artifactId> <version>4.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId> <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId> <version>4.1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- jack json --> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>2.7.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>2.7.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.7.3</version> </dependency>
（二）：封裝httpclient處理get和post請求
import java.io.IOException; import java.util.List; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost; import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity; import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; public class CommonUtils { private static HttpClient CLIENT = new DefaultHttpClient(); private static ObjectMapper MAPPER = new ObjectMapper(); public static String APPID ="wx273a3bf59a7d2fee"; public static String SECRET="0ca672094780b3ecf9cedcf35891b129"; /** * 根據url獲取返回物件 * @param <T> * @param url * @return * @throws Exception */ public static <T> T returnMsg(String url,Class<T> clazz) throws Exception{ HttpPost msgPost = new HttpPost(url); String str = EntityUtils.toString(CLIENT.execute(msgPost).getEntity(),"UTF-8"); return MAPPER.readValue(str, clazz); } /** * httpclient模擬get請求 */ public static String Get(String url) throws Exception{ HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); String str = EntityUtils.toString(CLIENT.execute(httpGet).getEntity(),"UTF-8"); return str; } /** * http模擬post請求，請求引數是json資料 * @param url * @param param * @return * @throws IOException * @throws Exception */ public static String Post_Json(String url, String param) throws Exception{ HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); //防止引數亂碼 httpPost.addHeader("Content-type","application/json; charset=utf-8"); httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(param, "UTF-8")); //執行請求 HttpResponse execute = CLIENT.execute(httpPost); String resp = EntityUtils.toString(execute.getEntity()); return resp; } /** * httpclient模擬表單提交 * @param url * @param param * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String Post_From(String url, List<NameValuePair> list) throws Exception{ HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); //防止引數亂碼 httpPost.addHeader("Content-type","application/json; charset=utf-8"); UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "UTF-8"); httpPost.setEntity(entity); //執行請求 HttpResponse execute = CLIENT.execute(httpPost); String resp = EntityUtils.toString(execute.getEntity()); return resp; } }
（三）：獲取access_token和jsapi_ticket
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.mote.weixin.utils.CommonUtils;
/**
* 定時重新整理access_token--微信全域性憑證
* 定時重新整理jsapi_ticket--呼叫微信js介面的臨時票據
* @author lenovo
*
*/
@Service("tokenService")
public class TokenService {
private String access_token;
private String jsapi_ticket;
public String getAccess_token() {
return access_token;
}
public void setAccess_token(String access_token) {
this.access_token = access_token;
}
public String getJsapi_ticket() {
return jsapi_ticket;
}
public void setJsapi_ticket(String jsapi_ticket) {
this.jsapi_ticket = jsapi_ticket;
}
/**
* 將該方法配置成定時任務，程式啟動後五秒自動呼叫，
* 之後每隔一小時重新整理一次
*/
public void flush(){
System.out.println("===================我被呼叫了=================");
try {
//獲取access_token
String accessToken = CommonUtils.getAccessToken();
this.access_token = accessToken;
//獲取jsapi_ticket
String jsApiTicket = CommonUtils.getJsApiTicket(accessToken);
this.jsapi_ticket = jsApiTicket;
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("重新整理access_token失敗");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}（四）：定義AccessToken物件，然後在CommonUtils中新增獲取access_token和jsapi_ticket的方法
public class AccessToken {
// 介面訪問憑證
private String accessToken;
// 憑證有效期，單位：秒
private int expiresIn;
public String getAccessToken() {
return accessToken;
}
public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
this.accessToken = accessToken;
}
public int getExpiresIn() {
return expiresIn;
}
public void setExpiresIn(int expiresIn) {
this.expiresIn = expiresIn;
}
}/**
* 獲取access_token
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getAccessToken() throws Exception{
String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+APPID+"&secret="+SECRET+"";
AccessToken token = returnMsg(url, AccessToken.class);
return token.getAccessToken();
}
/**
* 獲取呼叫微信JS介面的臨時票據
*
* @param access_token 微信全域性憑證
* @return
* @throws IOException
* @throws Exception
*/
public static String getJsApiTicket(String access_token) throws Exception{
String url = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/ticket/getticket?access_token="+access_token+"&type=jsapi";
// 發起GET請求獲取憑證
String resq = Get(url);
JsonNode tree = MAPPER.readTree(resq);
return tree.get("ticket").toString().replaceAll("\"", "");
}（五）：配置TokenService中的flush方法，使其生效
注意：引入xml約束
xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-4.0.xsd">配置如下：
<!-- 如果TokeService添加了註解，bean可以省略 -->
<bean id="tokenService" class="com.mote.wx.service.TokenService">
</bean>
<!-- spring自帶的定時重新整理任務 -->
<task:scheduled-tasks>
<!-- 程式啟動5秒後執行方法，之後每隔一小時執行 -->
<task:scheduled ref="tokenService" method="flush" initial-delay="5000" fixed-delay="3600000" />
<!-- <task:scheduled ref="statJob" method="statLgj" cron="0 59 23 * * ?" /> -->
</task:scheduled-tasks>