一個數據庫建立多個例項

1.      先要關閉資料庫（程序和記憶體關閉）

 [[email protected]_2 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on TueNov 12 20:34:53 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> exit

2.      設定環境變數

[[email protected]_2 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

此時環境變數已經設定好了

3.      建立目錄

         i.             建立相關檔案

此時我們可以看見已經有了相關目錄，那是我們之前建立的例項ORCL的相關目錄

   建立目錄是採用了批量建立目錄{a,b,c,u}dump

[[email protected]

[[email protected]_2 oracle]$ ls

admin flash_recovery_area  oradata  oraInventory product

[[email protected]_2 oracle]$

[[email protected]_2 oracle]$ mkdir -p admin/ORA10G/{a,b,c,u}dump

[[email protected]_2 oracle]$ ls

admin flash_recovery_area  oradata  oraInventory product

[[email protected]_2 oracle]$ cd admin/

[[email protected]_2 admin]$ ls

ORA10G  ORCL

[[email protected]_2 admin]$ cd ORA10G/

[[email protected]_2 ORA10G]$ ls

adump bdump  cdump  udump

[[email protected]_2 ORA10G]$

[[email protected]_2 ORA10G]$ ls

adump bdump  cdump  udump

[[email protected]_2 ORA10G]$ cd ..

[[email protected]_2 admin]$ ls

ORA10G  ORCL

[[email protected]_2 admin]$ cd ..

[[email protected]_2 oracle]$ ls

admin flash_recovery_area  oradata  oraInventory product

[[email protected]_2 oracle]$ mkdir -p oradata/ORA10G

[[email protected]_2 oracle]$

       ii.             建立密碼檔案

  建立密碼檔案需要到ORACLE_HOME/dbs目錄下建立

[[email protected]_2 10.2.0]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ ls

hc_ORCL.dat initdw.ora  init.ora  lkORCL orapwORCL  spfileORCL.ora

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ orapwd

Usage: orapwd file=<fname>password=<password> entries=<users> force=<y/n>

  where

    file -name of password file (mand),

    password- password for SYS (mand),

    entries -maximum number of distinct DBA and    force - whether to overwrite existing file (opt),

OPERs (opt),

  There areno spaces around the equal-to (=) character.

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwORA10Gpassword=oracle entries=30

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ ls

hc_ORCL.dat init.ora  orapwORA10G  spfileORCL.ora

initdw.ora  lkORCL    orapwORCL

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ cat init.ora |grep -v^#|grep -v ^$ >initORA10G.ora

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ ls

hc_ORCL.dat init.ora        lkORCL       orapwORCL

initdw.ora  initORA10G.ora  orapwORA10G  spfileORCL.ora

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ vi initORA10G.ora

將內容改的和下面的一樣

db_name=ORA10G

db_files = 80                                                        # SMALL 

db_file_multiblock_read_count = 8                                     #SMALL 

log_checkpoint_interval = 10000

processes = 50                                                        # SMALL 

parallel_max_servers = 5                                              #SMALL

log_buffer = 32768                                                   # SMALL

max_dump_file_size = 10240      # limit trace file size to 5 Meg each

global_names = false

control_files =(/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA10G/ora_control1.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA10G/ora_control2.ctl)

sga_max_size=300m

sga_target=300m

4.      啟動例項為ORA10G的資料庫

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ export $ORACLE_SID=ORA10G

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on TueNov 12 21:08:55 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

[email protected]>

[email protected]>create spfile from pfile;

File created.

[email protected]>startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  314572800 bytes

Fixed Size                  1219184 bytes

Variable Size              96470416 bytes

Database Buffers          213909504 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

[email protected]>

[email protected]>show parameter undo

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------

undo_management                      string      MANUAL

undo_retention                       integer     900

undo_tablespace                      string

[email protected]>

修改引數，由於undo_management引數為靜態引數，所以需要加上scope=spfile

[email protected]>alter system set undo_management=autoscope=spfile;

System altered.

[email protected]>show parameter undo

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ -----------------------------------------

undo_management                      string      MANUAL

undo_retention                       integer     900

undo_tablespace                      string

[email protected]>shutdown immediate

ORA-01507: database not mounted

ORACLE instance shut down.

     此時發現並沒有更改，是由於靜態引數需要重啟才有效

[email protected]>startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  314572800 bytes

Fixed Size                  1219184 bytes

Variable Size              96470416 bytes

Database Buffers          213909504 bytes

Redo Buffers                2973696 bytes

[email protected]>

     此時只是改了spfile的引數還需要改pfile的引數

[email protected]>create pfile from spfile;

File created.

[email protected]>

5.      多個例項的切換

          i.             例項為ORCL啟動資料庫

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=ORCL

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on TueNov 12 21:19:19 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

[email protected]>

        ii.             例項為ORCL10G啟動資料庫

[email protected]>exit

Disconnected

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=ORA10G

[[email protected]_2 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on TueNov 12 21:24:54 2013

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

[email protected]>