一、修改預設的防火牆firewal為iptables

我在搭建ftp伺服器的過程中，總是不成功，然後把防火牆換了以後，就莫名其妙的可以了，所以這裡需要把防火牆換一下。
1、關閉原來的防火牆

systemctl stop firewalld.service #停止firewall

systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止firewall開機啟動

2、安裝iptables

yum -y install iptables-services

3、將iptables設定為開機啟動

systemctl enable iptables.service #設定防火牆開機啟動
 

4、我們既然要使用iptables，我們就需要配置防火牆可以通行的埠，一下是放行埠的方法：
首先開啟配置檔案：vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables

然後新增通行埠，例如：

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT

最後重新啟動防火牆，使配置生效

systemctl restart iptables.service #重啟防火牆使配置生效

二、安裝vsftpd和修改相關的配置檔案

1、通過yum安裝vsftpd

yum install -y vsftpd

2、修改vsftpd的配置檔案

vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

關於如何配置，這裡只是關於我的配置，應該按照自己的要求自行修改：

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
 

#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
pasv_min_port=61001
pasv_max_port=62000
allow_writeable_chroot=YES

想要詳細瞭解配置的可以參考：史上最詳細的vsftpd配置檔案講解
3、在根目錄下建立一個訪問ftp伺服器時訪問的資料夾（這裡在那建立都可以)

mkdir /ftpfile

4、新增匿名使用者(不要忘了用passwd設定密碼)

useradd ftpuser -d /ftpfile(自己的資料夾) -s /sbin/nologin

5、修改ftpfile資料夾許可權

chown -R ftpuser.ftpuser /ftpfile

6、將我們的使用者新增到chroot_list中

vim /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

新增建立的使用者ftpuser，然後儲存退出
7、將SELinux關閉

vim /etc/selinux/config

修改SELINUX=disabled

三、讓防火牆通行ftp相關的埠

在防火牆配置檔案中新增：

-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8009 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p TCP --dport 61001:62000 -j ACCEPT
-A OUTPUT -p TCP --sport 61001:62000 -j ACCEPT

4、訪問

這裡的資料夾就是我們的ftpfile，我在其中添加了一些檔案，還有就是我用的域名訪問，如果沒有域名，可以用ip訪問