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mysql 基本操作二

小明 class rom cti 刪除 sum 更新 gone 學習

1.查詢數據

MariaDB [jason]> select * from runoob_tbl limit 2 offset 2;

默認是從偏移量為0 處開始查村數據,通過指定offset 可以從offset 處開始取數

2.where 語句

MariaDB [jason]> select * from runoob_tbl where runoob_title like %python%;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
|         2
| 學習python | 菜鳥教程 | 2019-02-10 | | 4 | 學習python | 菜鳥教程 | 2019-02-10 | +-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [jason]> select * from runoob_tbl where runoob_title like %Python%; +-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+ | runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date | +-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+ | 2
| 學習python | 菜鳥教程 | 2019-02-10 | | 4 | 學習python | 菜鳥教程 | 2019-02-10 | +-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql where 條件不區分大小寫,若要區分大小寫則采用下面的寫法

MariaDB [jason]> select * from runoob_tbl where binary runoob_title like 
%Python%; Empty set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [jason]> select * from runoob_tbl where binary runoob_title like %python%; +-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+ | runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date | +-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+ | 2 | 學習python | 菜鳥教程 | 2019-02-10 | | 4 | 學習python | 菜鳥教程 | 2019-02-10 | +-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.update 更新表記錄

MariaDB [jason]> update runoob_tbl set runoob_title=java, runoob_author =jason where runoob_id = 2;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    33
Current database: jason

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [jason]> select * from runoob_tbl;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
|         2 | java         | jason         | 2019-02-10      |
|         3 | 學習scala    | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-10      |
|         4 | 學習python   | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-10      |
|         5 | 學習scala    | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-10      |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+

4.刪除表記錄 delete

delete 語句如果不指定where 條件則會刪除表內所有數據

MariaDB [jason]> delete from runoob_tbl where runoob_id = 2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [jason]> select * from runoob_tbl;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
|         3 | 學習scala    | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-10      |
|         4 | 學習python   | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-10      |
|         5 | 學習scala    | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-10      |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [jason]> delete from runoob_tbl;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [jason]> select * from runoob_tbl;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

5.like 語句

MariaDB [jason]> select * from runoob_tbl where runoob_title like %python;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
|         1 | 學習python   | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-11      |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+

6.union and union all

MariaDB [jason]> select runoob_title as a from runoob_tbl union all select runoob_author as a from runoob_tbl order by a;
+--------------+
| a            |
+--------------+
| dong         |
| jason        |
| 學習java     |
| 學習linux    |
| 學習python   |
| 學習scala    |
| 菜鳥教程     |
| 菜鳥教程     |
+--------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [jason]> select runoob_title from runoob_tbl union all select runoob_author from runoob_tbl;
+--------------+
| runoob_title |
+--------------+
| 學習python   |
| 學習scala    |
| 學習java     |
| 學習linux    |
| 菜鳥教程     |
| 菜鳥教程     |
| jason        |
| dong         |
+--------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [jason]> select runoob_title from runoob_tbl union  select runoob_author from runoob_tbl;
+--------------+
| runoob_title |
+--------------+
| 學習python   |
| 學習scala    |
| 學習java     |
| 學習linux    |
| 菜鳥教程     |
| jason        |
| dong         |
+--------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [jason]> select runoob_title from runoob_tbl union distinct select runoob_author from runoob_tbl;
+--------------+
| runoob_title |
+--------------+
| 學習python   |
| 學習scala    |
| 學習java     |
| 學習linux    |
| 菜鳥教程     |
| jason        |
| dong         |
+--------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

union 與 union distinct 功能相同,會把union 後的結果去重,union all 則不去重。

如果有order 則order 是對全局結果的排序

MariaDB [jason]> select runoob_title from runoob_tbl union all select runoob_author from runoob_tbl order by runoob_author;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column ‘runoob_author‘ in order clause
MariaDB [jason]> select runoob_title as a from runoob_tbl union all select runoob_author as a from runoob_tbl order by a;
+--------------+
| a            |
+--------------+
| dong         |
| jason        |
| 學習java     |
| 學習linux    |
| 學習python   |
| 學習scala    |
| 菜鳥教程     |
| 菜鳥教程     |
+--------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7.排序 order by

MariaDB [jason]> select * from runoob_tbl order by runoob_id asc;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
|         1 | 學習python   | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-11      |
|         2 | 學習scala    | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-11      |
|         3 | 學習java     | jason         | 2019-02-11      |
|         4 | 學習linux    | dong          | 2019-02-11      |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

MariaDB [jason]> select * from runoob_tbl order by runoob_id desc;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
|         4 | 學習linux    | dong          | 2019-02-11      |
|         3 | 學習java     | jason         | 2019-02-11      |
|         2 | 學習scala    | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-11      |
|         1 | 學習python   | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-11      |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

8.group by

group by 可以用於sum,count,avg 等聚合函數

首先看一下要操作的表中的數據

MariaDB [jason]> select * from employee_tbl;
+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
| id | name   | date                | singin |
+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
|  1 | 小明   | 2016-04-22 15:25:33 |      1 |
|  2 | 小王   | 2016-04-20 15:25:47 |      3 |
|  3 | 小麗   | 2016-04-19 15:26:02 |      2 |
|  4 | 小王   | 2016-04-07 15:26:14 |      4 |
|  5 | 小明   | 2016-04-11 15:26:40 |      4 |
|  6 | 小明   | 2016-04-04 15:26:54 |      2 |
+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [jason]> select name,count(*) from employee_tbl group by name;
+--------+----------+
| name   | count(*) |
+--------+----------+
| 小麗   |        1 |
| 小明   |        3 |
| 小王   |        2 |
+--------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

with rollup 可以實現再分組統計數據的基礎之上再進行相同的統計

MariaDB [jason]> select name,sum(singin) from employee_tbl group by name with rollup;
+--------+-------------+
| name   | sum(singin) |
+--------+-------------+
| 小麗   |           2 |
| 小明   |           7 |
| 小王   |           7 |
| NULL   |          16 |
+--------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

但是最後一行的name 為null ,我們可以用coalesce 為其賦值,

coalesce(name,‘總數‘),如果name 為null 則用 ‘總數’ 來命名

MariaDB [jason]> select coalesce(name,總數),sum(singin) from employee_tbl group by name with rollup;
+-------------------------+-------------+
| coalesce(name,總數)   | sum(singin) |
+-------------------------+-------------+
| 小麗                    |           2 |
| 小明                    |           7 |
| 小王                    |           7 |
| 總數                    |          16 |
+-------------------------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

9.join

MariaDB [jason]> select *  from runoob_tbl a  join employee_tbl  b on a.runoob_id=b.id;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date | id | name   | date                | singin |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
|         1 | 學習python   | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-11      |  1 | 小明   | 2016-04-22 15:25:33 |      1 |
|         2 | 學習scala    | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-11      |  2 | 小王   | 2016-04-20 15:25:47 |      3 |
|         3 | 學習java     | jason         | 2019-02-11      |  3 | 小麗   | 2016-04-19 15:26:02 |      2 |
|         4 | 學習linux    | dong          | 2019-02-11      |  4 | 小王   | 2016-04-07 15:26:14 |      4 |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [jason]> select *  from runoob_tbl a left join employee_tbl  b on a.runoob_id=b.id;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+------+--------+---------------------+--------+
| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date | id   | name   | date                | singin |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+------+--------+---------------------+--------+
|         1 | 學習python   | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-11      |    1 | 小明   | 2016-04-22 15:25:33 |      1 |
|         2 | 學習scala    | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-11      |    2 | 小王   | 2016-04-20 15:25:47 |      3 |
|         3 | 學習java     | jason         | 2019-02-11      |    3 | 小麗   | 2016-04-19 15:26:02 |      2 |
|         4 | 學習linux    | dong          | 2019-02-11      |    4 | 小王   | 2016-04-07 15:26:14 |      4 |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+------+--------+---------------------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [jason]> select *  from runoob_tbl a right join employee_tbl  b on a.runoob_id=b.id;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date | id | name   | date                | singin |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
|         1 | 學習python   | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-11      |  1 | 小明   | 2016-04-22 15:25:33 |      1 |
|         2 | 學習scala    | 菜鳥教程      | 2019-02-11      |  2 | 小王   | 2016-04-20 15:25:47 |      3 |
|         3 | 學習java     | jason         | 2019-02-11      |  3 | 小麗   | 2016-04-19 15:26:02 |      2 |
|         4 | 學習linux    | dong          | 2019-02-11      |  4 | 小王   | 2016-04-07 15:26:14 |      4 |
|      NULL | NULL         | NULL          | NULL            |  5 | 小明   | 2016-04-11 15:26:40 |      4 |
|      NULL | NULL         | NULL          | NULL            |  6 | 小明   | 2016-04-04 15:26:54 |      2 |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+----+--------+---------------------+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

10. null 值的處理

mysql 中判斷值是否為null 不能用 = null,<> null, 要用 is null 或者is not null, null = null 返回false ,null 與任何值的比較都是false,null 值的比較要用 <=>,null <=> null返回true

11.

mysql 基本操作二