Ribbon快速實現多應用負載均衡
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-12
此前開發的專案，是通過Nginx 做負載均衡；現在spring-boot專案集成了web 伺服器，並且應用（微服務消費方）直接整合Ribbon，這樣就可以不用通過代理伺服器，可以選擇性的進行負載均衡。下面介紹一個簡單的實現負載的案例：
1、新建一個spring-boot專案，搭建Eureka （這裡不做叢集）註冊中心
這是專案整體結構
這是pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.itmuch.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>microservice-discovery-eureka</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>microservice-discovery-eureka</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <!-- 引入spring boot的依賴 --> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- eureka server端 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <!-- 引入spring cloud 依賴 --> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>Camden.SR4</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
這是專案的配置檔案application.xml
server.port=8761
spring.application.name=microservice-discovery-eureka
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/這是應用的啟動類
package com.itmuch.cloud; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaServer public class MicroserviceDiscoveryEurekaApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceDiscoveryEurekaApplication.class, args); } }
專案搭建完成後，啟動專案，在瀏覽器執行http://localhost:8761/ 檢視註冊中心是否正常
2、搭建兩個微服務，作為服務提供方（除了啟動類，其他的類可以不需要）
這是專案整體結構
配置檔案application.xml，spring.application.name 作為虛擬主機名（做負載的多個服務提供方要一致）
專案依賴檔案pom.xmlserver.port=7010 spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test spring.datasource.username=root spring.datasource.password=123456 spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource spring.datasource.filters=stat spring.datasource.maxActive=20 spring.datasource.initialSize=1 spring.datasource.maxWait=60000 spring.datasource.minIdle=1 spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000 spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000 spring.datasource.validationQuery=select 'x' spring.datasource.testWhileIdle=true spring.datasource.testOnBorrow=false spring.datasource.testOnReturn=false spring.datasource.poolPreparedStatements=true spring.datasource.maxOpenPreparedStatements=20 #mybatis.typeAliasesPackage=zxy.demo.springboot.boot_feature.entity mybatis.mapperLocations=classpath:com/itmuch/cloud/mapper/*.xml spring.application.name=microservice-simple-provider-user eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/ eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.itmuch.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-simple-provider-user</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>microservice-simple-provider-user</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql 連線驅動 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 資料來源 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.9</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-datatype-joda</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.module</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-module-parameter-names</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.47</version>
</dependency>
<!--整合 spring cloud 監控 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring cloud 依賴 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR4</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>專案啟動類，將該服務註冊到Eureka，此處不需要@MapperScan
package com.itmuch.cloud;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
//@MapperScan({"com.itmuch.cloud.dao"})
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceSimpleProviderUserApplication.class, args);
}
}啟動專案，檢查服務提供方是否註冊到Eureka上。
如果服務提供方已經註冊到Eureka上，則將此服務方專案複製一個，artifactId 改為microservice-provider-user，並且application.xml 中的server.port 改成7012 ，不能相同。
然後將複製的microservice-provider-user 啟動，並觀察檢查該服務提供方是否同樣註冊到Eureka上。
3、搭建消費方，整合Ribbon，觀察消費方的請求能否負載均衡到兩臺服務方。
專案整體結構
依賴檔案pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.itmuch.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.4.3.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
<version>1.2.47</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 引入spring cloud 依賴 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Camden.SR4</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>配置檔案application.xml
server.port=7024
spring.application.name=microservice-consumer-movie-ribbon
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:8761/eureka/
eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address=true啟動類
package com.itmuch.cloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class MicroserviceSimpleConsumerMovieApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceSimpleConsumerMovieApplication.class, args);
}
/**
* 相當於spring配置檔案中的<bean/>
* 整合ribbon ，restTemplate具備負載均衡的能力
* @return
*/
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}介面訪問的controller，指定負載到具有相同microservice-simple-provider-user 虛擬主機名的兩個微服務上
package com.itmuch.cloud.controller;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class MovieController {
private static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MovieController.class);
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;
@RequestMapping("user/{id}")
@ResponseBody
public String getUserInfo(@PathVariable Long id) {
// String url = "http://localhost:7010/find/" + id;
String url = "http://microservice-simple-provider-user/find/" + id;
String userInfo = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
return userInfo;
}
@GetMapping("log-instance")
public void logUserInstance() {
ServiceInstance serviceInstance = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("microservice-simple-provider-user");
// 列印當前請求選擇的哪個節點
LOGGER.info("{}:{}:{}", serviceInstance.getServiceId(),
serviceInstance.getHost(),serviceInstance.getPort());
}
}啟動已經整合Ribbon的消費方，同樣觀察是否已經註冊到Eureka上。
瀏覽器訪問http://localhost:7024/log-instance ，測試負載均衡客戶端每次會請求哪臺微服務，這是我本機測試的結果
說明每次請求都負載到不同的服務上。
通過spring cloud 的Ribbon做負載均衡，可以不用Nginx做代理，配置簡單，靈活控制。