1. dir() 函式

 dir([object]) 會返回object所有有效的屬性列表。示例如下：

dir(SimhashIndex)
Out[111]: 
['__class__',
 '__delattr__',
 '__dict__',
 '__dir__',
 '__doc__',
 '__eq__',
 '__format__',
 '__ge__',
 '__getattribute__',
 '__gt__',
 '__hash__',
 '__init__',
 '__init_subclass__',
 '__le__',
 '__lt__',
 '__module__',
 '__ne__',
 '__new__',
 '__reduce__',
 '__reduce_ex__',
 '__repr__',
 '__setattr__',
 '__sizeof__',
 '__str__',
 '__subclasshook__',
 '__weakref__',
 'add',
 'bucket_size',
 'delete',
 'get_keys',
 'get_near_dups',
 'offsets']
 

2. vars() 函式

vars([object]) 返回object物件的__dict__屬性，其中object物件可以是模組，類，例項，或任何其他有__dict__屬性的物件。所以，其與直接訪問__dict__屬性等價。示例如下（當然也有一些物件中沒有__dict__屬性）：

vars(SimhashIndex)
Out[112]: 
mappingproxy({'__module__': 'simhash',
              '__init__': <function simhash.SimhashIndex.__init__(self, objs, f=64, k=2, log=None)>,
              'get_near_dups': <function simhash.SimhashIndex.get_near_dups(self, simhash)>,
              'add': <function simhash.SimhashIndex.add(self, obj_id, simhash)>,
              'delete': <function simhash.SimhashIndex.delete(self, obj_id, simhash)>,
              'offsets': <property at 0x8e7ad68>,
              'get_keys': <function simhash.SimhashIndex.get_keys(self, simhash)>,
              'bucket_size': <function simhash.SimhashIndex.bucket_size(self)>,
              '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'SimhashIndex' objects>,
              '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'SimhashIndex' objects>,
              '__doc__': None})
 

3. help() 函式

help([object])呼叫內建幫助系統。輸入

 按h鍵，顯示幫助資訊； 按 q 鍵，退出。

help(SimhashIndex)
Help on class SimhashIndex in module simhash:

class SimhashIndex(builtins.object)
 |  Methods defined here:
 |  
 |  __init__(self, objs, f=64, k=2, log=None)
 |      `objs` is a list of (obj_id, simhash)
 |      obj_id is a string, simhash is an instance of Simhash
 |      `f` is the same with the one for Simhash
 |      `k` is the tolerance
 |  
 |  add(self, obj_id, simhash)
 |      `obj_id` is a string
 |      `simhash` is an instance of Simhash
 |  
 |  bucket_size(self)
 |  
 |  delete(self, obj_id, simhash)
 |      `obj_id` is a string
 |      `simhash` is an instance of Simhash
 |  
 |  get_keys(self, simhash)
 |  
 |  get_near_dups(self, simhash)
 |      `simhash` is an instance of Simhash
 |      return a list of obj_id, which is in type of str
 |  
 |  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 |  Data descriptors defined here:
 |  
 |  __dict__
 |      dictionary for instance variables (if defined)
 |  
 |  __weakref__
 |      list of weak references to the object (if defined)
 |  
 |  offsets
 |      You may optimize this method according to <http://www.wwwconference.org/www2007/papers/paper215.pdf>
 

4. type() 函式

type(object)返回物件object的型別。

>>> type(mser)
<type 'cv2.MSER'>
>>> type(mser.detect)
<type 'builtin_function_or_method'>

5. hasattr() 函式

hasattr(object, name)用來判斷name（字串型別）是否是object物件的屬性，若是返回True，否則，返回False

>>> hasattr(mser, 'detect')
True
>>> hasattr(mser, 'compute')
False

6. callable() 函式

callable(object)：若object物件是可呼叫的，則返回True，否則返回False。注意，即使返回True也可能呼叫失敗，但返回False呼叫一定失敗。

>>> callable(mser.detect)
True