把excel自動匯入資料庫 根據excel內容自動建立資料庫表
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-15
用c# 把excel的資料自動匯入sql資料庫 並根據excel的內容自動建立資料庫表，經過網上查資料和自己的努力做了出來 ，只不過是實現了功能並未優化程式碼，下面分享我的程式碼
首先建一個網站專案 ，其.aspx程式碼如下
其介面如下圖<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Default.aspx.cs" Inherits="_Default" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head runat="server"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <title>Excel匯入SQL資料庫</title> <style type="text/css"> #form1 { width: 409px; height: 156px; } </style> </head> <body style="text-align: center"> <form id="form1" runat="server"> <asp:FileUpload ID="FileUpload1" runat="server" Width="305px" /> <asp:TextBox ID="TextBox1" runat="server" OnTextChanged="chuanjiandebiaoming"></asp:TextBox> <asp:Button ID="Button3" runat="server" Text="建立表" OnClick="chuangjianbiao_Click" /><br/> <asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1" runat="server" OnSelectedIndexChanged="xuanzebeidaorubiao" AutoPostBack="true" enabelViewState="true"> </asp:DropDownList><br/> <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" OnClick="daoru" Text="匯入SQL" /> <br/> </form> </body> </html>
vs需要連線你要匯入的資料庫：步驟如下
1在檢視中點選伺服器資源管理器
2.右擊資料連線 選擇新增連線
3
填寫伺服器名字 選擇驗證方式 輸入資料庫名稱 點選確定。
執行VS 後 通過瀏覽選擇你所需要匯入的excel表（表的格式xls），如果是新匯入的表則 需要填寫你想建立的表名然後點選建立。
如果想向資料庫中存在表匯入新的資料（匯入的資料格式和原來的必須相同即列名一樣且順序一致），點選瀏覽選擇你要匯入的excel表，在下拉選單中選擇你要匯入的資料庫中的表名，然後點選 “匯入SQL”
下拉選單中會顯示你所建立的所有表名
資料庫裡面要先建立一個表tableName 用來存放後來 有excel匯入時新建立的表的名字 和excel表的各列的欄位名稱 （這樣便於下次匯入時觀察原來匯入表的格式 可以把）
id列設為主鍵遞增 name列為建立的表的表名字 後面的則是每個表的列名 第一行不能為空否則會報錯
要在所建工程專案中新增一個資料夾（excel）用來存放匯入到的excel表 如下圖
下面 把一個表匯入資料庫
表的內容
匯入前資料庫裡面表結構如下圖
執行VS 然後按照1 選擇表 2 填寫新建表名 3點選 建立表
開啟資料庫可以看到 多了一個gg的表
表TableName 中的內容如下圖
下面則貼出後臺程式碼
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System; using System.Collections; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Data; using System.Data.Common; using System.Data.OleDb; using System.Data.SqlClient; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.UI; using System.Web.UI.WebControls; public partial class _Default : System.Web.UI.Page { string text; int k, counts; string dropDownList1; DataSet ds; DataRow[] dr; string strConn = "Data Source=.;DataBase=lqy;Uid=sa;Pwd=318"; //連結SQL資料庫 private SqlConnection cn = null; private SqlCommand cmd = null; private string sql = null; ArrayList list = new ArrayList(); ArrayList list1 = new ArrayList(); ArrayList dept = new ArrayList(); protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { cn = new SqlConnection(strConn); cn.Open(); // dropDownList1 = DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Text; bindTableName("TableName");// 引用自定義函式 if (!IsPostBack) { DropDownList1.DataSource = dept; DropDownList1.DataBind(); } dropDownList1 = DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Text; } protected void bindTableName(string tableName) { //獲取TableName的行數 // string strSql1 = "select count(*) from TableName;"; string strSql1 = "select count(*) from " + tableName + ";"; SqlCommand sqlcmd2 = new SqlCommand(strSql1, cn); int count2 = Convert.ToInt32(sqlcmd2.ExecuteScalar()); //獲取name列的所有表名 // string strSql2 = "select name from TableName;"; string strSql2 = "select name from " + tableName + ";"; SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter(strSql2, cn); //建立DataAdapter資料介面卡例項 DataSet ds = new DataSet();//建立DataSet例項 da.Fill(ds, "name");//使用DataAdapter的Fill方法(填充)，呼叫SELECT命令 for (int i = 0; i < count2; i++)//動態繫結downlist的選項 { string st = ds.Tables["name"].Rows[i]["name"].ToString(); dept.Add(st); } // cn.Close();//關閉資料庫 } public DataSet ExecleDs(string filenameurl, string table) { string strConn = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OleDb.4.0;" + "data source=" + filenameurl + ";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0; HDR=NO; IMEX=1'"; OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(strConn); try { conn.Open(); } catch (Exception e) { Response.Write("<script>alert('匯入內容:" + e.Message + "')</script>"); } DataSet ds = new DataSet(); string result = null; System.Data.DataTable dtName = null; try { dtName = conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, new object[] { null, null, null, "Table" }); } catch (Exception e) { Response.Write("<script>alert('匯入內容:" + e.Message + "')</script>"); } // System.Data.DataTable dtName = conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, new object[] { null, null, null, "Table" }); foreach (DataRow dr1 in dtName.Rows) { result = dr1["TABLE_NAME"].ToString();//這個就是其中一個Sheet string strExcel = "select * from [" + result + "]";//這是你選定的sheet OleDbDataAdapter odda = new OleDbDataAdapter(strExcel, conn); odda.Fill(ds, table); } return ds; } protected void daoru(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (FileUpload1.HasFile == false)//HasFile用來檢查FileUpload是否有指定檔案 { Response.Write("<script>alert('請您選擇Excel檔案')</script> "); return;//當無檔案時,返回 } string IsXls = System.IO.Path.GetExtension(FileUpload1.FileName).ToString().ToLower();//System.IO.Path.GetExtension獲得檔案的副檔名 if (IsXls != ".xls") { Response.Write("<script>alert('只可以選擇Excel檔案')</script>"); return;//當選擇的不是Excel檔案時,返回 } insertNewshuju(); } protected void chuangjianbiao_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string IsXls = System.IO.Path.GetExtension(FileUpload1.FileName).ToString().ToLower();//System.IO.Path.GetExtension獲得檔案的副檔名 if (IsXls != ".xls") { Response.Write("<script>alert('只可以選擇Excel檔案')</script>"); return;//當選擇的不是Excel檔案時,返回 } // 開啟資料庫連線 string newConnectionString = "Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=;Data Source=localhost;Uid=sa;Pwd=318"; cn = new SqlConnection(newConnectionString); if (cn.State == ConnectionState.Open) cn.Close(); cn.ConnectionString = strConn; cn.Open(); string filename = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyymmddhhMMss") + FileUpload1.FileName; //獲取Execle檔名 DateTime日期函式 string savePath = Server.MapPath(("~\\excel\\") + filename);//Server.MapPath 獲得虛擬伺服器相對路徑 FileUpload1.SaveAs(savePath); //SaveAs 將上傳的檔案內容儲存在伺服器上 ds = ExecleDs(savePath, filename); //呼叫自定義方法 // DataRow[] dr = ds.Tables[0].Select(); //定義一個DataRow陣列 dr = ds.Tables[0].Select(); int rowsnum = ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; k = ds.Tables[0].Columns.Count; // 獲得excel表的列數 string sqlcheck1 = "select count(*) from TableName where name = " + "'" + text + "'"; //建表是否存在 SqlCommand sqlcmd1 = new SqlCommand(sqlcheck1, cn); int count1 = Convert.ToInt32(sqlcmd1.ExecuteScalar()); //判斷新建表是否存在 if (count1 >= 1) { Response.Write("<script>alert('表名已存在');location='default.aspx'</script></script> "); return; } else { creatTableName();//引用自定義函式 把建立的表的名稱以及列名存在tablename裡面 if (rowsnum == 0) { Response.Write("<script>alert('Excel表為空表,無資料!')</script>"); //當Excel表為空時,對使用者進行提示 return; } else { insertshuju();//引用自定義函式 把資料匯入資料庫 } cn.Close(); } } protected void creatTableName() { string str = null; string str1 = null; string str2 = null; string insert1 = null; for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) { list.Add(dr[0][i].ToString());//讀取第一行列名存在list中 str = str + "'" + dr[0][i].ToString() + "'" + ","; //把列數字段名稱拼接起來 } int col = 14; //TableName的列數（除去主鍵列和表名稱列） for (int i = 0; i < col - k; i++) { str1 = str1 + "'" + "'" + ","; //列數不夠的插入null } sql = "CREATE TABLE " + text + "(qid int identity(1,1) primary key )"; //建立新表的主鍵 cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, cn); try { cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } catch (Exception e) { Response.Write("<script>alert('匯入內容:" + e.Message + "')</script>"); return; } //動態的新增列數 for (int kk = 0; kk < k; kk++) { sql = "ALTER TABLE " + text + " ADD " + list[kk] + " nvarchar(Max) null"; SqlCommand cmd1 = new SqlCommand(sql, cn); try { cmd1.ExecuteNonQuery(); } catch (MembershipCreateUserException ex) { Response.Write("<script>alert('匯入內容:" + ex.Message + "')</script>"); return; } } //把新建表的 名稱 以及列的欄位名稱存在 TableName 裡面 str2 = str + str1; str2 = "'" + text + "'" + "," + str2.Substring(0, str2.Length - 1); insert1 = "insert into TableName values(" + str2 + " )"; cmd = new SqlCommand(insert1, cn); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); //清空拼接字元 便於下次迴圈使用 str = null; str1 = null; str2 = null; } protected void insertshuju() { string insertstr = null; string val = null; string val1 = null; string val2 = null; string val3 = null; int count1 = 0; //重複條數 int count2 = 0; //插入條數 //像新建表裡面插入資料 for (int i = 1; i < dr.Length; i++) { for (int kkk = 0; kkk < k; kkk++) { val = val + "'" + dr[i][kkk].ToString() + "'" + ","; val3 = val3 + "'" + "'" + ","; val1 = dr[i][0].ToString(); //獲取第一行和第三行進行驗證 val2 = dr[i][2].ToString(); } val = val.Substring(0, val.Length - 1);//截去拼接字元最後多的一個逗好 val3 = val3.Substring(0, val3.Length - 1); if (val == val3) { val = null; val3 = null; continue; } else { string sqlcheck = "select count(*) from " + text + " where " + list[0] + "='" + val1 + "' And " + list[2] + "='" + val2 + "'"; //檢查使用者是否存在 SqlCommand sqlcmd = new SqlCommand(sqlcheck, cn); int count = Convert.ToInt32(sqlcmd.ExecuteScalar()); if (count < 1) { insertstr = "insert into " + text + " values(" + val + " )"; SqlCommand cmd2 = new SqlCommand(insertstr, cn); try { cmd2.ExecuteNonQuery(); count2++; } catch (MembershipCreateUserException ex) //捕捉異常 { Response.Write("<script>alert('匯入內容:" + ex.Message + "')</script>"); } } else { count1++; // Response.Write("<script>alert('內容重複！已經過濾');location='default.aspx'</script></script> "); val = null; val3 = null; continue; } val3 = null; val = null; } } if (count1 > 0) { Response.Write("<script>alert('Excle表匯入成功 " + count2 + "條! 內容重複" + count1 + "條 ！已經過濾');location='default.aspx'</script></script> "); } else { Response.Write("<script>alert('Excle表匯入成功" + count2 + "條!');location='default.aspx'</script>"); } count2 = 0; count1 = 0; } protected void insertNewshuju() { // 開啟資料庫連線 string newConnectionString = "Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=;Data Source=localhost;Uid=sa;Pwd=318"; cn = new SqlConnection(newConnectionString); if (cn.State == ConnectionState.Open) cn.Close(); cn.ConnectionString = strConn; cn.Open(); string filename = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyymmddhhMMss") + FileUpload1.FileName; //獲取Execle檔名 DateTime日期函式 string savePath = Server.MapPath(("~\\excel\\") + filename);//Server.MapPath 獲得虛擬伺服器相對路徑 FileUpload1.SaveAs(savePath); //SaveAs 將上傳的檔案內容儲存在伺服器上 ds = ExecleDs(savePath, filename); //呼叫自定義方法 // DataRow[] dr = ds.Tables[0].Select(); //定義一個DataRow陣列 dr = ds.Tables[0].Select(); int rowsnum = ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; k = ds.Tables[0].Columns.Count; // 獲得excel表的列數 string insertstr = null; string val = null; string val1 = null; string val2 = null; string val3 = null; int count1 = 0; //重複條數 int count2 = 0; //插入條數 //像新建表裡面插入資料 for (int i = 1; i < dr.Length; i++) { for (int kkk = 0; kkk < k; kkk++) { val = val + "'" + dr[i][kkk].ToString() + "'" + ","; val3 = val3 + "'" + "'" + ","; val1 = dr[i][0].ToString(); //獲取第一行和第三行進行驗證 val2 = dr[i][2].ToString(); } val = val.Substring(0, val.Length - 1);//截去拼接字元最後多的一個逗好 val3 = val3.Substring(0, val3.Length - 1); if (val == val3) { val = null; val3 = null; continue; } else { // string sss = "select 欄位順序='欄位'+ltrim(colid),欄位名=name from syscolumns where id=object_id('" + dropDownList1 + "')"; string sss = "select * from " + dropDownList1; SqlCommand sqlcmd3 = new SqlCommand(sss, cn); SqlDataAdapter sad = new SqlDataAdapter(sqlcmd3); DataSet dds = new DataSet(); sad.Fill(dds, "check"); string sds1 = ds.Tables[0].Rows[0][0].ToString(); //獲取第一三欄位進行檢驗 string sds3 = ds.Tables[0].Rows[0][2].ToString(); string sqlcheck = "select count(*) from " + dropDownList1 + " where " + sds1 + "='" + val1 + "' And " + sds3 + "='" + val2 + "'"; //檢查使用者是否存在 SqlCommand sqlcmd = new SqlCommand(sqlcheck, cn); int count = Convert.ToInt32(sqlcmd.ExecuteScalar()); if (count < 1) { insertstr = "insert into " + dropDownList1 + " values(" + val + " )"; SqlCommand cmd2 = new SqlCommand(insertstr, cn); try { cmd2.ExecuteNonQuery(); count2++; } catch (MembershipCreateUserException ex) //捕捉異常 { Response.Write("<script>alert('匯入內容:" + ex.Message + "')</script>"); } } else { count1++; // Response.Write("<script>alert('內容重複" + count1 + "條 ！已經過濾');location='default.aspx'</script></script> "); val = null; val3 = null; continue; } val3 = null; val = null; } } if (count1 > 0) { Response.Write("<script>alert('Excle表匯入成功 " + count2 + "條! 內容重複" + count1 + "條 ！已經過濾');location='default.aspx'</script></script> "); } else { Response.Write("<script>alert('Excle表匯入成功" + count2 + "條!');location='default.aspx'</script>"); } count2 = 0; count1 = 0; } protected void xuanzebeidaorubiao(object sender, EventArgs e) { dropDownList1 = DropDownList1.Items.ToString(); } protected void chuanjiandebiaoming(object sender, EventArgs e) { text = TextBox1.Text; } }