1. 程式人生 > >ROS中gazebo工具學習(使用gazebo載入機器人模型)

ROS中gazebo工具學習(使用gazebo載入機器人模型)

gazebo是ROS中的一個實現物理模擬的工具包,gazebo本身就是一款機器人的模擬軟體,基於ODE的物理引擎,可以模擬機器人以及環境中的很多物理特性。
注意,gazebo和rviz是不同的工具包,不要混淆。

類似於rviz工具,在gazebo工具中也可以載入機器人模型。
載入的步驟:
(1)安裝gazebo工具包
(2)新建工程,將包的路徑位置加入到環境變數ROS_PACKAGE_PATH中
(3)新建.xacro檔案並編輯內容
(4)新建.world檔案並編輯內容
(5)新建.launch檔案並編輯內容
(6)使用命令顯示

其中.xacro檔案包括機器人模型資訊的檔案,.world是gazebo環境地圖檔案,.launch為啟動指令碼。

(1)安裝gazebo工具包

sudo apt-get install ros-hydro-gazebo-ros-pkgs ros-hydro-gazebo-roscontrol

安裝成功
執行

rosrun gazebo_ros gazebo

開啟gazebo工具介面
如圖
這裡寫圖片描述

(2)新建工程,將包的路徑位置加入到環境變數ROS_PACKAGE_PATH中

a)新建工程
在我的目錄/root/dev/workspace/下

roscreate-pkg gazebotest urdf xacro

b)增加環境變數

(3)新建.xacro檔案並編輯內容

a)新建資料夾urdf
mkdir urdf
b)在urdf資料夾下編輯robot1_xacro.xacro檔案如下

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<robot xmlns:xacro="http://www.ros.org/wiki/xacro" 
    xmlns:sensor="http://playerstage.sourceforge.net/gazebo/xmlschema/#sensor"
        xmlns:controller="http://playerstage.sourceforge.net/gazebo/xmlschema/#controller"
        xmlns:interface="http://playerstage.sourceforge.net/gazebo/xmlschema/#interface"
name="robot1_xacro">
<xacro:property name="length_wheel" value="0.05" /> <xacro:property name="radius_wheel" value="0.05" /> <xacro:macro name="default_inertial" params="mass"> <inertial> <mass value="${mass}" /> <inertia ixx="1.0" ixy="0.0" ixz="0.0" iyy="1.0" iyz="0.0" izz="1.0" /> </inertial> </xacro:macro> <link name="base_footprint"> <visual> <geometry> <box size="0.001 0.001 0.001"/> </geometry> <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/> </visual> <xacro:default_inertial mass="0.0001"/> </link> <gazebo reference="base_footprint"> <material>Gazebo/Green</material> <turnGravityOff>false</turnGravityOff> </gazebo> <joint name="base_footprint_joint" type="fixed"> <origin xyz="0 0 0" /> <parent link="base_footprint" /> <child link="base_link" /> </joint> <link name="base_link"> <visual> <geometry> <box size="0.2 .3 .1"/> </geometry> <origin rpy="0 0 1.54" xyz="0 0 0.05"/> <material name="white"> <color rgba="1 1 1 1"/> </material> </visual> <collision> <geometry> <box size="0.2 .3 0.1"/> </geometry> </collision> <xacro:default_inertial mass="10"/> </link> <link name="wheel_1"> <visual> <geometry> <cylinder length="${length_wheel}" radius="${radius_wheel}"/> </geometry> <!-- <origin rpy="0 1.5 0" xyz="0.1 0.1 0"/> --> <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/> <material name="black"> <color rgba="0 0 0 1"/> </material> </visual> <collision> <geometry> <cylinder length="${length_wheel}" radius="${radius_wheel}"/> </geometry> </collision> <xacro:default_inertial mass="1"/> </link> <link name="wheel_2"> <visual> <geometry> <cylinder length="${length_wheel}" radius="${radius_wheel}"/> </geometry> <!-- <origin rpy="0 1.5 0" xyz="-0.1 0.1 0"/> --> <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/> <material name="black"/> </visual> <collision> <geometry> <cylinder length="${length_wheel}" radius="${radius_wheel}"/> </geometry> </collision> <xacro:default_inertial mass="1"/> </link> <link name="wheel_3"> <visual> <geometry> <cylinder length="${length_wheel}" radius="${radius_wheel}"/> </geometry> <!-- <origin rpy="0 1.5 0" xyz="0.1 -0.1 0"/> --> <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0"/> <material name="black"/> </visual> <collision> <geometry> <cylinder length="${length_wheel}" radius="${radius_wheel}"/> </geometry> </collision> <xacro:default_inertial mass="1"/> </link> <link name="wheel_4"> <visual> <geometry> <cylinder length="${length_wheel}" radius="${radius_wheel}"/> </geometry> <!-- <origin rpy="0 1.5 0" xyz="-0.1 -0.1 0"/> --> <origin rpy="0 0 0" xyz="0 0 0" /> <material name="black"/> </visual> <collision> <geometry> <cylinder length="${length_wheel}" radius="${radius_wheel}"/> </geometry> </collision> <xacro:default_inertial mass="1"/> </link> <joint name="base_to_wheel1" type="continuous"> <parent link="base_link"/> <child link="wheel_1"/> <origin rpy="1.5707 0 0" xyz="0.1 0.15 0"/> <axis xyz="0 0 1" /> </joint> <joint name="base_to_wheel2" type="continuous"> <axis xyz="0 0 1" /> <anchor xyz="0 0 0" /> <limit effort="100" velocity="100" /> <parent link="base_link"/> <child link="wheel_2"/> <origin rpy="1.5707 0 0" xyz="-0.1 0.15 0"/> </joint> <joint name="base_to_wheel3" type="continuous"> <parent link="base_link"/> <axis xyz="0 0 1" /> <child link="wheel_3"/> <origin rpy="1.5707 0 0" xyz="0.1 -0.15 0"/> </joint> <joint name="base_to_wheel4" type="continuous"> <parent link="base_link"/> <axis xyz="0 0 1" /> <child link="wheel_4"/> <origin rpy="1.5707 0 0" xyz="-0.1 -0.15 0"/> </joint> </robot>

可以看到<gazebo>標籤設定了物理屬性如顏色為綠色

(4)新建.world檔案並編輯內容

a)新建資料夾world
mkdir world
b)在world 資料夾下新建並編輯robot.world檔案
如下

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<sdf version="1.4">
  <!-- We use a custom world for the rrbot so that the camera angle is launched correctly -->

  <world name="default">
    <include>
      <uri>model://ground_plane</uri>
    </include>

    <!-- Global light source -->
    <include>
      <uri>model://sun</uri>
    </include>

    <!-- Focus camera on tall pendulum -->
    <gui fullscreen='0'>
      <camera name='user_camera'>
        <pose>4.927360 -4.376610 3.740080 0.000000 0.275643 2.356190</pose>
        <view_controller>orbit</view_controller>
      </camera>
    </gui>

  </world>
</sdf>

發現檔案的引數就是配置些燈光視角引數。

(5)新建.launch檔案並編輯內容

新建lauch資料夾並新建gazebo.lauch如下

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<launch>

  <!-- these are the arguments you can pass this launch file, for example paused:=true -->
  <arg name="paused" default="true"/>
  <arg name="use_sim_time" default="false"/>
  <arg name="gui" default="true"/>
  <arg name="headless" default="false"/>
  <arg name="debug" default="true"/>

  <!-- We resume the logic in empty_world.launch, changing only the name of the world to be launched -->
   <include file="$(find gazebo_ros)/launch/empty_world.launch"> 
     <arg name="world_name" value="$(find gazebotest)/worlds/robot.world"/>
    <arg name="debug" value="$(arg debug)" />
    <arg name="gui" value="$(arg gui)" />
    <arg name="paused" value="$(arg paused)"/>
    <arg name="use_sim_time" value="$(arg use_sim_time)"/>
    <arg name="headless" value="$(arg headless)"/>
  </include>

  <!-- Load the URDF into the ROS Parameter Server -->
  <arg name="model" />
  <param name="robot_description" 
     command="$(find xacro)/xacro.py $(arg model)" />

  <!-- Run a python script to the send a service call to gazebo_ros to spawn a URDF robot -->
   <node name="urdf_spawner" pkg="gazebo_ros" type="spawn_model" respawn="false" output="screen"
    args="-urdf -model robot1 -param robot_description -z 0.05"/> 

</launch>

注意著行代表表示載入的.world檔案位置,(find gazebotest)返回的是包的絕對路徑。

<arg name="world_name" value="$(find gazebotest)/worlds/robot.world"/>

(6)使用命令顯示

使用如下命令

roslaunch gazebotest gazebo.launch model:="$(rospack find gazebotest)/urdf/robot1_xacro.xacro"
//或者使用絕對路徑命令
roslaunch gazebotest gazebo.launch model:="/root/dev/workspace/gazebotest/urdf/robot1_xacro.xacro"

效果如圖
這裡寫圖片描述