本文主要是Eigen中矩陣和向量的算術運算，在Eigen中的這些算術運算過載了C++的+，-，*，所以使用起來非常方便。

1、矩陣的運算

Eigen提供+、-、一元操作符“-”、+=、-=，例如：

二元操作符+/-表示兩矩陣相加（矩陣中對應元素相加/減，返回一個臨時矩陣）： B+C 或 B-C；

一元操作符-表示對矩陣取負（矩陣中對應元素取負，返回一個臨時矩陣）： -C; 

組合操作法+=或者-=表示（對應每隔元素都做相應操作）：A += B 或者 A-=B

程式碼段1為矩陣的加減操作，程式碼如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <Eigen/Dense>
using namespace Eigen;
int main()
{
Matrix2d a;
a << 1, 2,
3, 4;
MatrixXd b(2,2);
b << 2, 3,
1, 4;
std::cout << "a + b =\n" << a + b << std::endl;
std::cout << "a - b =\n" << a - b << std::endl;
std::cout << "Doing a += b;" << std::endl;
a += b;
std::cout << "Now a =\n" << a << std::endl;
Vector3d v(1,2,3);
Vector3d w(1,0,0);
std::cout << "-v + w - v =\n" << -v + w - v << std::endl;
}
 

a + b =
3 5
4 8
a - b =
-1 -1
 2  0
Doing a += b;
Now a =
3 5
4 8
-v + w - v =
-1
-4
-6

二元操作符*在：A*a中表示矩陣A中的每隔元素都與數字a相乘，結果放在一個臨時矩陣中，矩陣的值不會改變。

對於a*A、A/a、A*=a、A /=a也是一樣，例如下面的程式碼：

#include <iostream>
#include <Eigen/Dense>
using namespace Eigen;
int main()
{
Matrix2d a;
a << 1, 2,
3, 4;
Vector3d v(1,2,3);
std::cout << "a * 2.5 =\n" << a * 2.5 << std::endl;
std::cout << "0.1 * v =\n" << 0.1 * v << std::endl;
std::cout << "Doing v *= 2;" << std::endl;
v *= 2;
std::cout << "Now v =\n" << v << std::endl;
}
 

a * 2.5 =
2.5  5
7.5 10
0.1 * v =
0.1
0.2
0.3
Doing v *= 2;
Now v =
2
4
6

需要注意：

在Eigen中，算術操作例如 “操作符+”並不會自己執行計算操作，他們只是返回一個“算術表示式物件”，而實際的計算則會延遲到後面的賦值時才進行。這些不影響你的使用，它只是為了方便Eigen的優化。

2、求矩陣的轉置、共軛矩陣、伴隨矩陣。

例如下面的程式碼所示：

MatrixXcf a = MatrixXcf::Random(2,2);
cout << "Here is the matrix a\n" << a << endl;
cout << "Here is the matrix a^T\n" << a.transpose() << endl;
cout << "Here is the conjugate of a\n" << a.conjugate() << endl;
cout << "Here is the matrix a^*\n" << a.adjoint() << endl;
 

Here is the matrix a
 (-0.211,0.68) (-0.605,0.823)
 (0.597,0.566)  (0.536,-0.33)
Here is the matrix a^T
(-0.211,0.68) (0.597,0.566)
(-0.605,0.823) (0.536,-0.33)
Here is the conjugate of a
 (-0.211,-0.68) (-0.605,-0.823)
 (0.597,-0.566)    (0.536,0.33)
Here is the matrix a^*
(-0.211,-0.68) (0.597,-0.566)
(-0.605,-0.823)   (0.536,0.33)

矩陣的相乘，矩陣與向量的相乘也是使用操作符*，共有*和*=兩種操作符，其用法可以參考如下程式碼：

#include <iostream>
#include <Eigen/Dense>
using namespace Eigen;
int main()
{
Matrix2d mat;
mat << 1, 2,
3, 4;
Vector2d u(-1,1), v(2,0);
std::cout << "Here is mat*mat:\n" << mat*mat << std::endl;
std::cout << "Here is mat*u:\n" << mat*u << std::endl;
std::cout << "Here is u^T*mat:\n" << u.transpose()*mat << std::endl;
std::cout << "Here is u^T*v:\n" << u.transpose()*v << std::endl;
std::cout << "Here is u*v^T:\n" << u*v.transpose() << std::endl;
std::cout << "Let's multiply mat by itself" << std::endl;
mat = mat*mat;
std::cout << "Now mat is mat:\n" << mat << std::endl;
}

Here is mat*mat:
 7 10
15 22
Here is mat*u:
1
1
Here is u^T*mat:
2 2
Here is u^T*v:
-2
Here is u*v^T:
-2 -0
 2  0
Let's multiply mat by itself
Now mat is mat:
 7 10
15 22