本文參考：http://blog.csdn.net/morewindows/article/details/7577591

首先來簡化問題，先假設生產者和消費者都只有一個，且緩衝區也只有一個。這樣情況就簡便多了。

    第一．從緩衝區取出產品和向緩衝區投放產品必須是互斥進行的。可以用關鍵段和互斥量來完成。

    第二．生產者要等待緩衝區為空，這樣才可以投放產品，消費者要等待緩衝區不為空，這樣才可以取出產品進行消費。並且由於有二個等待過程，所以要用二個事件或訊號量來控制。

#include "stdio.h"
#include "process.h"
#include "windows.h"

//一個生產者，一個消費者，一個緩衝區
//設定控制檯輸出顏色
BOOL SetConsoleColor(WORD wAttributes)
{
	HANDLE hConsole =GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	if(hConsole ==INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
	{
		return FALSE;
	}
	return	SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole,wAttributes);
}


const int END_PRODUCE_NUMBER =10;
int g_Buffer;
//事件與關鍵段
CRITICAL_SECTION g_cs;
HANDLE g_hEventBufferEmpty,g_hEventBufferFull;
//生產者執行緒函式
unsigned int __stdcall ProducerThreadFun(PVOID pM)
{
	for (int i=1;i<=END_PRODUCE_NUMBER;i++)
	{
		//等待緩衝區為空
		WaitForSingleObject(g_hEventBufferEmpty,INFINITE);

		//互斥的訪問緩衝區
		EnterCriticalSection(&g_cs);
		g_Buffer =i;
		printf("生產者將資料%d放入緩衝區\n",g_Buffer);
		LeaveCriticalSection(&g_cs);

		//通知緩衝區有新資料了
		SetEvent(g_hEventBufferFull);
	}
	return 0;
}

//消費者執行緒函式
unsigned int __stdcall ConsumerThreadFun(PVOID)
{
	volatile bool flag =true;
	while (flag)
	{
		//等待緩衝區中有資料
		WaitForSingleObject(g_hEventBufferFull,INFINITE);

		//互斥的訪問緩衝區
		EnterCriticalSection(&g_cs);
		SetConsoleColor(FOREGROUND_GREEN);
		printf("  消費者從緩衝區中去資料%d\n",g_Buffer);

		SetConsoleColor(FOREGROUND_RED|FOREGROUND_GREEN|FOREGROUND_BLUE);
		if(g_Buffer ==END_PRODUCE_NUMBER)
			flag =false;
		LeaveCriticalSection(&g_cs);

		//通知緩衝區為空
		SetEvent(g_hEventBufferEmpty);
		Sleep(10);
	}
	return 0;
}

int main()
{
	printf(" 生產者消費者問題   1生產者 1消費者 1緩衝區\n");
	InitializeCriticalSection(&g_cs);
	//建立二個自動復位事件，一個表示緩衝區是否為空，另一個表示緩衝區是否已經處理
	g_hEventBufferEmpty =CreateEvent(NULL,FALSE,TRUE,NULL);
	g_hEventBufferFull =CreateEvent(NULL,FALSE,FALSE,NULL);

	
	const int THREADNUM =2;
	HANDLE hThread[THREADNUM];

	hThread[0] =(HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL,0,ProducerThreadFun,NULL,0,NULL);
	hThread[1] =(HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL,0,ConsumerThreadFun,NULL,0,NULL);

	WaitForMultipleObjects(THREADNUM,hThread,TRUE,INFINITE);
	CloseHandle(hThread[0]);
	CloseHandle(hThread[1]);

	//銷燬事件和關鍵段
	CloseHandle(g_hEventBufferEmpty);
	CloseHandle(g_hEventBufferFull);
	DeleteCriticalSection(&g_cs);
	return 0;
}
 

然後再對這個簡單生產者消費者問題加大難度。將消費者改成2個，緩衝池改成擁有4個緩衝區的大緩衝池。

//1生產者 2消費者 4緩衝區  
#include <stdio.h>  
#include <process.h>  
#include <windows.h>  
//設定控制檯輸出顏色  
BOOL SetConsoleColor(WORD wAttributes)  
{  
	HANDLE hConsole = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);  
	if (hConsole == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)  
		return FALSE;  

	return SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, wAttributes);  
}  
const int END_PRODUCE_NUMBER = 8;  //生產產品個數  
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 4;          //緩衝區個數  
int g_Buffer[BUFFER_SIZE];          //緩衝池  
int g_i, g_j;  
//訊號量與關鍵段  
CRITICAL_SECTION g_cs;  
HANDLE g_hSemaphoreBufferEmpty, g_hSemaphoreBufferFull;  
//生產者執行緒函式  
unsigned int __stdcall ProducerThreadFun(PVOID pM)  
{  
	for (int i = 1; i <= END_PRODUCE_NUMBER; i++)  
	{  
		//等待有空的緩衝區出現  
		WaitForSingleObject(g_hSemaphoreBufferEmpty, INFINITE);  

		//互斥的訪問緩衝區  
		EnterCriticalSection(&g_cs);  
		g_Buffer[g_i] = i;  
		printf("生產者在緩衝池第%d個緩衝區中投放資料%d\n", g_i, g_Buffer[g_i]);  
		g_i = (g_i + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE;  
		LeaveCriticalSection(&g_cs);  

		//通知消費者有新資料了  
		ReleaseSemaphore(g_hSemaphoreBufferFull, 1, NULL);  
	}  
	printf("生產者完成任務，執行緒結束執行\n");  
	return 0;  
}  
//消費者執行緒函式  
unsigned int __stdcall ConsumerThreadFun(PVOID pM)  
{  
	while (true)  
	{  
		//等待非空的緩衝區出現  
		WaitForSingleObject(g_hSemaphoreBufferFull, INFINITE);  

		//互斥的訪問緩衝區  
		EnterCriticalSection(&g_cs);  
		SetConsoleColor(FOREGROUND_GREEN);  
		printf("  編號為%d的消費者從緩衝池中第%d個緩衝區取出資料%d\n", GetCurrentThreadId(), g_j, g_Buffer[g_j]);  
		SetConsoleColor(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);  
		if (g_Buffer[g_j] == END_PRODUCE_NUMBER)//結束標誌  
		{  
			LeaveCriticalSection(&g_cs);  
			//通知其它消費者有新資料了(結束標誌)  
			ReleaseSemaphore(g_hSemaphoreBufferFull, 1, NULL);  
			break;  
		}  
		g_j = (g_j + 1) % BUFFER_SIZE;  
		LeaveCriticalSection(&g_cs);  

		Sleep(50); //some other work to do  

		ReleaseSemaphore(g_hSemaphoreBufferEmpty, 1, NULL);  
	}  
	SetConsoleColor(FOREGROUND_GREEN);  
	printf("  編號為%d的消費者收到通知，執行緒結束執行\n", GetCurrentThreadId());  
	SetConsoleColor(FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE);  
	return 0;  
}  
int main()  
{  
	printf("  生產者消費者問題   1生產者 2消費者 4緩衝區\n");  

	InitializeCriticalSection(&g_cs);  
	//初始化訊號量,一個記錄有產品的緩衝區個數,另一個記錄空緩衝區個數.  
	g_hSemaphoreBufferEmpty = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 4, 4, NULL);  
	g_hSemaphoreBufferFull  = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, 4, NULL);  
	g_i = 0;  
	g_j = 0;  
	memset(g_Buffer, 0, sizeof(g_Buffer));  

	const int THREADNUM = 3;  
	HANDLE hThread[THREADNUM];  
	//生產者執行緒  
	hThread[0] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ProducerThreadFun, NULL, 0, NULL);  
	//消費者執行緒  
	hThread[1] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ConsumerThreadFun, NULL, 0, NULL);  
	hThread[2] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ConsumerThreadFun, NULL, 0, NULL);  
	WaitForMultipleObjects(THREADNUM, hThread, TRUE, INFINITE);  
	for (int i = 0; i < THREADNUM; i++)  
		CloseHandle(hThread[i]);  

	//銷燬訊號量和關鍵段  
	CloseHandle(g_hSemaphoreBufferEmpty);  
	CloseHandle(g_hSemaphoreBufferFull);  
	DeleteCriticalSection(&g_cs);  
	return 0;  
}