Spring Cloud微服務架構（十三）服務鏈路追蹤(Spring Cloud Sleuth)
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-02-19
1、zipkin簡介
Spring Cloud Sleuth 主要功能就是在分散式系統中提供追蹤解決方案，並且相容支援了 zipkin，zipkin為分散式鏈路呼叫監控系統，聚合各業務系統呼叫延遲資料，達到鏈路呼叫監控跟蹤。
隨著微服務數量不斷增長，它們之間的關係會越來越複雜，如果鏈路上任何一個服務出現問題或者網路超時，都會形成導致介面呼叫失敗，需要跟蹤一個請求從一個微服務到下一個微服務的傳播過程。
分散式服務跟蹤可以:
提供鏈路追蹤，故障快速定位：可以通過呼叫鏈結合業務日誌快速定位錯誤資訊
視覺化各個階段耗時，進行效能分析
各個呼叫環節的可用性、梳理服務依賴關係以及優化
資料分析，優化鏈路：可以得到使用者的行為路徑，彙總分析應用在很多業務場景
zipkin涉及幾個概念：
Span:基本工作單元，一次鏈路呼叫(可以是RPC，DB等沒有特定的限制)建立一個span，通過一個64位ID標識它， span通過還有其他的資料，例如描述資訊，時間戳，key-value對的(Annotation)tag資訊，parent-id等,其中parent-id ，可以表示span呼叫鏈路來源，通俗的理解span就是一次請求資訊
Trace:類似於樹結構的Span集合，表示一條呼叫鏈路，存在唯一標識。
Annotation: 註解,用來記錄請求特定事件相關資訊(例如時間)，通常包含四個註解資訊 cs - Client Start,表示客戶端發起請求 sr - Server Receive,表示服務端收到請求
ss - Server Send,表示服務端完成處理，並將結果傳送給客戶端 cr - Client Received,表示客戶端獲取到服務端返回資訊
2、構建zipkin
建立完pom檔案修改如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.vesus</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-zipkin</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>springcloud-zipkin</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>com.vesus</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- eureka：微服務註冊 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <!--zipkin 依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId> <artifactId>zipkin-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.zipkin.java</groupId> <artifactId>zipkin-autoconfigure-ui</artifactId> </dependency> <!--zipkin 依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
3、建立application.yml配置檔案
eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ # 註冊中心地址 spring: application: name: springcloud-zipkin server: port: 8773
4、入口方法加上註解@EnableZipkinServer，開啟ZipkinServer的功能。
package com.vesus.springcloudzipkin; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient; import zipkin.server.EnableZipkinServer; @SpringBootApplication @EnableDiscoveryClient @EnableZipkinServer public class SpringcloudZipkinApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudZipkinApplication.class, args); } }
5、修改springcloud-service增加依賴spring-cloud-starter-zipkin，引入後的pom如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.vesus</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>springcloud-service</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>com.vesus</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- eureka：微服務註冊 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <!--zipkin依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
6、修改springcloud-service的application.yml,加入zipkin server收集資訊的地址
eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ # 註冊中心地址 spring: application: name: spring-cloud-service zipkin: base-url: http://localhost:8773 server: port: 8762
7、修改springcloud-ribbon增加依賴spring-cloud-starter-zipkin，引入後的pom如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.vesus</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-ribbon</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>springcloud-ribbon</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <parent> <groupId>com.vesus</groupId> <artifactId>springcloud-demo</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- eureka：微服務註冊 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId> </dependency> <!--ribbon:負載均衡--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId> </dependency> <!--zipkin依賴--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zipkin</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-sleuth-zipkin</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
8、修改springcloud-ribbon的application.yml,加入zipkin server收集資訊的地址
eureka: client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ # 註冊中心地址 spring: application: name: spring-cloud-ribbon zipkin: base-url: http://localhost:8773 server: port: 8763
