1.下載安裝包

從Postgres官方網站下載postgresql-9.6.1-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz安裝包

2.建立使用者

建立Postgres使用者：

useradd postgres                                                                                                                                                                         passwd postgres(postgres)
 

3.解壓

為了保證我們使用postgres使用者安裝完成後其他使用者也能使用，我們採用root使用者解壓安裝包到/usr目錄中，再將相應目錄的許可權改回postgres

su
cd /data/soft/postgres/
tar -zxvf postgresql-9.6.1-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz -C /usr

4.更改目錄許可權

切換到/usr目錄，找到剛才解壓的pgsql資料夾，將pasql資料夾的所有者改回postgres

chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/pgsql

5.建立資料目錄

在/opt目錄下建立postgres的資料目錄，並更改資料夾所有者為postgres

cd /opt 
mkdir postgres
cd postgres
mkdir 9.6
cd 9.6
mkdir data
cd /opt
chown -R postgres:postgres /opt/postgres

如果後期忘記了posgresql安裝到什麼目錄了，可以通過查詢pg_hba.conf,來定位postgresql的位置

切換到postgres使用者下新增PG_HOME和PGDATA環境變數

vim ~/.bash_profile
export PG_HOME=/usr/pgsql
export PGDATA=/opt/postgres/9.6/data
export PATH=$PATH
 
:$PG_HOME/bin

6.初始化資料庫

切換到postgres使用者，初始化資料庫

find . -name initdb
su - postgres
/usr/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data

執行完成後結果如下：

The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.

The database cluster will be initialized with locale "en_US.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
The default text search configuration will be set to "english".

Data page checksums are disabled.

fixing permissions on existing directory /opt/postgres/9.6/data ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok

WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.

Success. You can now start the database server using:

/usr/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data -l logfile start

如果想對postgres進行配置，可以編輯如下檔案：

cd /opt/postgres/9.6/data
vim postgresql.conf

7.啟動資料庫

先建立日誌目錄

cd /opt/postgres/9.6/
mkdir logs

啟動資料庫：

/usr/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data -l /opt/postgres/9.6/logs/postgres.log start

檢視服務是否啟動成功

ps -ef | grep postgres

當看到類似下面的結果時，說明服務啟動成功了

[postgres@hadoop1 9.6]$ ps -ef | grep postgres
root       3659   3644  0 09:46 pts/1    00:00:00 su - postgres
postgres   3660   3659  0 09:46 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
root       4056   3751  0 10:15 pts/1    00:00:00 su - postgres
postgres   4057   4056  0 10:15 pts/1    00:00:00 -bash
postgres   4946      1  0 10:26 pts/1    00:00:00 /usr/pgsql/bin/postgres -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data
postgres   4948   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: checkpointer process                   
postgres   4949   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: writer process                         
postgres   4950   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: wal writer process                     
postgres   4951   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: autovacuum launcher process            
postgres   4952   4946  0 10:26 ?        00:00:00 postgres: stats collector process                
postgres   5560   4057  0 10:30 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
postgres   5561   4057  0 10:30 pts/1    00:00:00 grep postgres

呼叫如下命令檢視postgres服務：

service --status-all | grep postgres

然後發現並沒有結果，因此需要將postgresql註冊到服務列表

8.修改postgres使用者的訪問密碼並測試建庫建表

PostgreSQL 資料庫預設會建立一個postgres的資料庫使用者作為資料庫的管理員，預設密碼為空，我們需要修改為指定的密碼，這裡設定為’postgres’
直接在控制檯輸入以下命令：

su - postgres
psql
# ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres';
# select * from pg_shadow ;
# create database project;
# \c project

project=# create table person(id integer, name text);
project=# insert into person values (1, 'jimmy');
project=# select * from person

可以看到我們剛才插入的那條資料

9.將postgresql-9.6新增到服務列表

9.1CentOS6作業系統

su root
cd /etc/init.d/
touch postgresql-9.6
vim postgresql-9.6

新增以下內容(該檔案參考postgres解壓目錄中的linux檔案生成)：

#! /bin/sh

# chkconfig: 2345 98 02
# description: PostgreSQL RDBMS

# This is an example of a start/stop script for SysV-style init, such
# as is used on Linux systems.  You should edit some of the variables
# and maybe the 'echo' commands.
#
# Place this file at /etc/init.d/postgresql (or
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql) and make symlinks to
#   /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K02postgresql
#   /etc/rc.d/rc1.d/K02postgresql
#   /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/K02postgresql
#   /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S98postgresql
#   /etc/rc.d/rc4.d/S98postgresql
#   /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S98postgresql
# Or, if you have chkconfig, simply:
# chkconfig --add postgresql
#
# Proper init scripts on Linux systems normally require setting lock
# and pid files under /var/run as well as reacting to network
# settings, so you should treat this with care.

# Original author:  Ryan Kirkpatrick <[email protected]>

# contrib/start-scripts/linux

## EDIT FROM HERE

# Installation prefix
prefix=/usr/pgsql

# Data directory
PGDATA="/opt/postgres/9.6/data/"

# Who to run the postmaster as, usually "postgres".  (NOT "root")
PGUSER=postgres

# Where to keep a log file
PGLOG="/opt/postgres/9.6/logs/postgres.log"

# It's often a good idea to protect the postmaster from being killed by the
# OOM killer (which will tend to preferentially kill the postmaster because
# of the way it accounts for shared memory).  To do that, uncomment these
# three lines:
#PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_score_adj
#PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-1000
#PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0
# Older Linux kernels may not have /proc/self/oom_score_adj, but instead
# /proc/self/oom_adj, which works similarly except for having a different
# range of scores.  For such a system, uncomment these three lines instead:
#PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_adj
#PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=-17
#PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ=0

## STOP EDITING HERE

# The path that is to be used for the script
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

# What to use to start up the postmaster.  (If you want the script to wait
# until the server has started, you could use "pg_ctl start -w" here.
# But without -w, pg_ctl adds no value.)
DAEMON="$prefix/bin/postmaster"

# What to use to shut down the postmaster
PGCTL="$prefix/bin/pg_ctl"

set -e

# Only start if we can find the postmaster.
test -x $DAEMON ||
{
    echo "$DAEMON not found"
    if [ "$1" = "stop" ]
    then exit 0
    else exit 5
    fi
}

# If we want to tell child processes to adjust their OOM scores, set up the
# necessary environment variables.  Can't just export them through the "su".
if [ -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" -a -n "$PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" ]
then
    DAEMON_ENV="PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE PG_OOM_ADJUST_VALUE=$PG_CHILD_OOM_SCORE_ADJ"
fi


# Parse command line parameters.
case $1 in
  start)
    echo -n "Starting PostgreSQL: "
    test -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" && echo "$PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE"
    su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON_ENV $DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
    echo "ok"
    ;;
  stop)
    echo -n "Stopping PostgreSQL: "
    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast"
    echo "ok"
    ;;
  restart)
    echo -n "Restarting PostgreSQL: "
    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL stop -D '$PGDATA' -s -m fast -w"
    test -e "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE" && echo "$PG_MASTER_OOM_SCORE_ADJ" > "$PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE"
    su - $PGUSER -c "$DAEMON_ENV $DAEMON -D '$PGDATA' &" >>$PGLOG 2>&1
    echo "ok"
    ;;
  reload)
        echo -n "Reload PostgreSQL: "
        su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL reload -D '$PGDATA' -s"
        echo "ok"
        ;;
  status)
    su - $PGUSER -c "$PGCTL status -D '$PGDATA'"
    ;;
  *)
    # Print help
    echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" 1>&2
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0

需要根據安裝路徑修改配置中相應的路徑資訊
接著就可以使用service postgresql-9.6 start/stop/status來操作postgresql的啟停了

9.2CentOS7作業系統

su root
cd /lib/systemd/system/
vim postgres.service

新增以下內容：

[Unit]
Description=postgres
After=network.target

[Service]
User=postgres
Group=postgres
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data -l /opt/postgres/9.6/logs/postgres.log start
ExecReload=
ExecStop=/usr/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /opt/postgres/9.6/data stop
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

10.把postgresql加入自啟動列表

10.1CentOS6作業系統

cd /etc/init.d
chkconfig --add postgresql-9.6

檢視一下自啟動列表

chkconfig --list

在這裡可以看到postgresq-9.6已經在其中了。

10.2CentOS7作業系統

systemctl enable postgres.service

檢視自啟動列表中是否有postgres：

[root@hadoop2 postgres]# systemctl list-units --type=service |grep postgres
postgres.service                                      loaded active running postgres

11.配置postgresql允許遠端訪問

只需要修改data目錄下的pg_hba.conf和postgresql.conf這兩個檔案：
pg_hba.conf：配置對資料庫的訪問許可權；
postgresql.conf：配置PostgreSQL資料庫伺服器的相應的引數

11.1修改pg_hba.conf

vim /opt/postgres/9.6/data/pg_hba.conf

在IPV4中新增下面那一行內容

# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust
host    all             all             0.0.0.0/0                   md5
#表示允許任意網段的任意機器通過密碼驗證的方式訪問到該資料庫

重新載入postgresql配置檔案（可選）：

su - postgres
pg_ctl reload

11.2修改postgresql.conf

vim /opt/postgres/9.6/data/postgresql.conf

定位到listen_addresses，並將localhost改為*

listen_addresses = '*'           # what IP address(es) to listen on;

注：修改完配置後需要重新啟動postgresql遠端連線才能生效
至此，postgresql的安裝和配置已經全部完成