簡單說一下：

使用上沒有任何區別,你把它當drawable用就好了。

但是用mipmap系統會在縮放上提供一定的效能優化。

官方介紹：

Mipmapping for drawables

Using a mipmap as the source for your bitmap or drawable is a simple way to provide a quality image and various image scales, which can be particularly useful if you expect your image to be scaled during an animation.

Android 4.2 (API level 17) added support for mipmaps in the Bitmap class—Android swaps the mip images in your Bitmap when you’ve supplied a mipmap source and have enabled setHasMipMap(). Now in Android 4.3, you can enable mipmaps for a BitmapDrawable object as well, by providing a mipmap asset and setting the android:mipMap attribute in a bitmap resource file or by calling hasMipMap().

應用場景：

If you know that you are going to draw this bitmap at less than 50% of its original size, you may be able to obtain a higher quality by turning this property on. Note that if the renderer respects this hint it might have to allocate extra memory to hold the mipmap levels for this bitmap.

一個應用例項：

Nexus 6
Screen
The Nexus 6 boasts an impressive 5.96” Quad HD screen display at a resolution of 2560 x 1440 (493 ppi). This translates to ~ 730 x 410 dp (density independent pixels).

Check your assets
It has a quantized density of 560 dpi, which falls in between the xxhdpi and xxxhdpi primary density buckets. For the Nexus 6, the platform will scale down xxxhdpi assets, but if those aren’t available, then it will scale up xxhdpi assets.
Provide at least an xxxhdpi app icon because devices can display large app icons on the launcher. It’s best practice to place your app icons in mipmap- folders (not the drawable- folders) because they are used at resolutions different from the device’s current density. For example, an xxxhdpi app icon can be used on the launcher for an xxhdpi device.
res/
mipmap-mdpi/
ic_launcher.png
mipmap-hdpi/
ic_launcher.png
mipmap-xhdpi/
ic_launcher.png
mipmap-xxhdpi/
ic_launcher.png
mipmap-xxxhdpi/
ic_launcher.png # App icon used on Nexus 6 device launcher
Choosing to add xxxhdpi versions for the rest of your assets will provide a sharper visual experience on the Nexus 6, but does increase apk size, so you should make an appropriate decision for your app.

res/
drawable-mdpi/
ic_sunny.png
drawable-hdpi/
ic_sunny.png
drawable-xhdpi/
ic_sunny.png
drawable-xxhdpi/ # Fall back to these if xxxhdpi versions aren’t available
ic_sunny.png
drawable-xxxhdpi/ # Higher resolution assets for Nexus 6
ic_sunny.png

總結

這個例項總結一下是這樣：

Nexus 6 有 493 ppi，它剛好在 xxhdpi和xxxhdpi之間，所以顯示的時候需要對xxxhdpi的資源進行縮小，如果你用了mipmap-xxxhdpi,那麼這裡會對sclae有一個優化，效能更好，佔用記憶體更少。所以現在官方推薦使用mipmap：

It’s best practice to place your app icons in mipmap- folders (not the drawable- folders) because they are used at resolutions different from the device’s current density.