超越村後端開發（2：新建models.py+xadmin的引入）
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-03-23
正文 one ssa reat sco 數據 分享 ESS bsp 
1.新建Model
1.users數據
1.在apps/users/models.py中：
from datetime import datetime from django.db import models from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser # Create your models here. class UserProfile(AbstractUser): """ 管理員 """ name=models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name=‘View Code姓名‘) mobile=models.CharField(max_length=11,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name=‘電話‘) class Meta: verbose_name=‘管理員‘ verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.username class WxUsers(models.Model): """ 微信用戶 """ open_id=models.CharField(max_length=64,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name=‘OpenId‘) token=models.CharField(max_length=64,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name=‘token‘) nickName=models.CharField(max_length=30,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name=‘微信名‘) avatarUrl=models.CharField(max_length=200,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name=‘用戶頭像URL‘) gender = models.CharField(max_length=4, choices=((‘0‘, ‘未知‘),(‘1‘, ‘男‘), (‘2‘, ‘女‘)), default=‘0‘, verbose_name=‘性別‘) province=models.CharField(max_length=20,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name=‘用戶所在省‘) city=models.CharField(max_length=20,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name=‘用戶所在市‘) country=models.CharField(max_length=20,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name=‘用戶所在旗縣區‘) longitude=models.CharField(max_length=10,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name=‘經度‘) latitude=models.CharField(max_length=10,null=True,blank=True,verbose_name=‘緯度‘) last_login_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="最後登錄時間") add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時間") class Meta: verbose_name=‘微信用戶‘ verbose_name_plural=verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.nickName
2.在settings.py中增加配置項：
AUTH_USER_MODEL=‘users.UserProfile‘
3.執行數據更新命令：
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
2.wish數據
1.apps/wish/models.py中：
from django.db import models from users.models import WxUsers,UserProfile from datetime import datetime from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe # Create your models here. class Wish(models.Model): """ 願望表 """ wxuser=models.ForeignKey(WxUsers,on_delete=models.CASCADE) content=models.CharField(max_length=200,default=‘‘,verbose_name=‘願望內容‘,help_text=‘最多200字‘) status=models.CharField(max_length=8, choices=((‘0‘, ‘進行中‘),(‘1‘, ‘放棄了‘), (‘2‘, ‘超時了‘)), default=‘0‘, verbose_name=‘階段‘) pv_num=models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=‘瀏覽數‘) up_num=models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=‘點贊數‘) share_num=models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=‘轉發數‘) bb_num=models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=‘評論數‘) end_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時間") add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時間") class Meta: verbose_name=‘願望表‘ verbose_name_plural=verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.content class News(models.Model): """ 新聞表 """ user=models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,on_delete=models.CASCADE) banner=models.ImageField(max_length=200, upload_to=‘banner/‘,verbose_name=‘輪播圖‘) title=models.CharField(max_length=15,default=‘‘,verbose_name=‘新聞標題‘,help_text=‘最多15字‘) content=models.CharField(max_length=800,default=‘‘,verbose_name=‘新聞正文‘,help_text=‘最多800字‘) add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時間") class Meta: verbose_name=‘新聞表‘ verbose_name_plural=verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.title def image_url(self): return mark_safe(‘<img src="/media/{0}" class="field_img">‘.format(self.banner)) image_url.short_description = ‘輪播圖‘ class Images(models.Model): """ 新聞圖片 """ image = models.ImageField(max_length=200, upload_to=‘images/‘) news=models.ForeignKey(News, verbose_name="新聞", blank=True,null=True,on_delete=models.CASCADE) add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=‘添加時間‘) class Meta: verbose_name = "新聞圖片" verbose_name_plural = verbose_name def image_url(self): return mark_safe(‘<img src="/media/{0}" class="field_img">‘.format(self.image)) image_url.short_description = ‘圖片‘View Code
2.安裝 pillow包（做圖片處理的）
pip install pillow
3.執行數據更新命令：
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate
3.user_operation數據
1.apps/user_operation/models.py中：
from django.db import models from datetime import datetime from users.models import WxUsers,UserProfile from wish.models import Wish # Create your models here. class Message(models.Model): """ 評論表，消息表 """ user_send=models.ForeignKey(WxUsers,on_delete=models.CASCADE,verbose_name=‘發出方‘,related_name=‘send‘) user_receive = models.ForeignKey(WxUsers, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=‘接收方‘, related_name=‘receive‘) wish=models.ForeignKey(Wish,on_delete=models.CASCADE,verbose_name=‘被評論的願望‘) content = models.CharField(max_length=30, default=‘‘, verbose_name=‘內容‘, help_text=‘最多30字‘) is_read=models.BooleanField(default=False,verbose_name=‘是否已讀‘) add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時間") class Meta: verbose_name=‘評論表‘ verbose_name_plural=verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.content class Pick(models.Model): """ 點贊表 """ user = models.ForeignKey(WxUsers, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=‘點贊者‘) wish = models.ForeignKey(Wish, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=‘被點贊的願望‘) action=models.BooleanField(default=True,verbose_name=‘行為‘,help_text=‘true是點贊false是取消點贊‘) add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時間") class Meta: verbose_name=‘點贊表‘ verbose_name_plural=verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.user class Share(models.Model): """ 分享表 """ user = models.ForeignKey(WxUsers, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=‘分享者‘) wish = models.ForeignKey(Wish, on_delete=models.CASCADE, verbose_name=‘被分享的願望‘) add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時間") class Meta: verbose_name=‘分享表‘ verbose_name_plural=verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.user class Notice(models.Model): """ 系統通知表（超越私信） """ admin=models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,on_delete=models.CASCADE) content = models.CharField(max_length=200, default=‘‘, verbose_name=‘內容‘, help_text=‘最多200字‘) add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name="添加時間") class Meta: verbose_name=‘系統通知表‘ verbose_name_plural=verbose_name def __str__(self): return self.contentView Code
2.執行數據更新命令：
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate
2.引入xadmin
1.將xadmin文件夾放入extra_apps目錄下：
2.在每個app下新建adminx.py
1.apps/users/目錄下新建adminx.py：
import xadmin from xadmin import views from .models import WxUsers class BaseSetting(object): enable_themes = True use_bootswatch = True class GlobalSettings(object): site_title = "超越村後臺管理系統" site_footer = "chaoyuecun" # menu_style = "accordion" class WxUsersAdmin(object): list_display = ["open_id", "token", "nickName", "gender","province","city","country","last_login_time","add_time"] list_filter = [ "gender","province","city","country","last_login_time","add_time"] search_fields = ["gender","province","city","country" ] xadmin.site.register(WxUsers, WxUsersAdmin) xadmin.site.register(views.BaseAdminView, BaseSetting) xadmin.site.register(views.CommAdminView, GlobalSettings)View Code
2.apps/wish/目錄下新建adminx.py：
import xadmin from .models import Wish, News class WishAdmin(object): list_display = [‘wxuser‘, ‘content‘,"status","pv_num","up_num", "share_num","bb_num","end_time","add_time"] list_filter =[‘wxuser‘, ‘content‘,"status","pv_num","up_num", "share_num","bb_num","end_time","add_time"] search_fields=[‘wxuser‘, ‘content‘,"status","pv_num","up_num", "share_num","bb_num"] class NewsAdmin(object): list_display = [‘user‘, ‘banner‘,"title","content","add_time"] list_filter =[‘user‘, ‘banner‘,"title","content","add_time"] search_fields=[‘user‘, ‘banner‘,"title","content"] xadmin.site.register(Wish, WishAdmin) xadmin.site.register(News, NewsAdmin)View Code
3.apps/user_operation/目錄下新建adminx.py：
import xadmin from .models import Message,Pick,Share,Notice class MessageAdmin(object): list_display = [‘user_send‘, ‘user_receive‘,"wish","content","is_read","add_time"] list_filter =[‘user_send‘, ‘user_receive‘,"wish","content","is_read","add_time"] search_fields=[‘user_send‘, ‘user_receive‘,"wish","content","is_read"] class PickAdmin(object): list_display = [‘user‘, ‘wish‘,"action","add_time"] list_filter =[‘user‘, ‘wish‘,"action","add_time"] search_fields=[‘user‘, ‘wish‘] class ShareAdmin(object): list_display = [‘user‘, ‘wish‘,"add_time"] list_filter =[‘user‘, ‘wish‘,"add_time"] search_fields=[‘user‘, ‘wish‘] class NoticeAdmin(object): list_display = [‘admin‘, ‘content‘,"add_time"] list_filter =[‘admin‘, ‘content‘,"add_time"] search_fields=[‘admin‘, ‘content‘] xadmin.site.register(Message, MessageAdmin) xadmin.site.register(Pick, PickAdmin) xadmin.site.register(Share, ShareAdmin) xadmin.site.register(Notice, NoticeAdmin)View Code
3.安裝和配置xadmin依賴包
1.安裝依賴包 django-crispy-forms django-reversion django-formtools future httplib2 six django-import-export
pip install django-crispy-forms django-reversion django-formtools future httplib2 six django-import-export
2.在settings中註冊
INSTALLED_APPS = [ ‘django.contrib.admin‘, ‘django.contrib.auth‘, ‘django.contrib.contenttypes‘, ‘django.contrib.sessions‘, ‘django.contrib.messages‘, ‘django.contrib.staticfiles‘, ‘users.apps.UsersConfig‘, ‘wish.apps.WishConfig‘, ‘user_operation.apps.UserOperationConfig‘, ‘crispy_forms‘, ‘xadmin‘ ]
3.安裝用來操作和導出Excel文件的包 xlwt xlsxwriter
pip install xlwt xlsxwriter
4.打開終端，執行數據更新命令，生成xadmin默認的表
python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate
5.配置url,在chaoyuecun/urls.py:
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
import xadmin
urlpatterns = [
# path(‘admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
path(‘xadmin/‘, xadmin.site.urls),
]
6.創建超級用戶
python manage.py createsuperuser Username: admin 郵箱: Password: Password (again):
創建完畢，啟動項目，然後訪問
http://127.0.0.1:8000/xadmin/
就可以登錄xadmin後臺了，但是此時後臺還是英文的。
7.將語言設定為中文
1.在settings中修改
LANGUAGE_CODE = ‘zh-hans‘ TIME_ZONE = ‘Asia/Shanghai‘ USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True USE_TZ = False
2.在每個app下的apps.py中做修改，加上verbose_name
1.apps/users/apps.py：
from django.apps import AppConfig
class UsersConfig(AppConfig):
name = ‘users‘
verbose_name = ‘用戶‘
1.apps/user_operation/apps.py：
from django.apps import AppConfig
class UserOperationConfig(AppConfig):
name = ‘user_operation‘
verbose_name = ‘用戶操作‘
1.apps/wish/apps.py：
from django.apps import AppConfig
class WishConfig(AppConfig):
name = ‘wish‘
verbose_name = ‘願望‘
這時再看xadmin界面，已經變成中文的了。
超越村後端開發（2：新建models.py+xadmin的引入）