手寫 Spring 事務、IOC、DI 和 MVC
什麽是 AOP?
AOP 即面向切面編程,利用 AOP 可以對業務進行解耦,提高重用性,提高開發效率
應用場景:日誌記錄,性能統計,安全控制,事務處理,異常處理
AOP 底層實現原理是采用代理實現的
Spring 事務
基本特性:
- 原子性
- 隔離性
- 一致性
- 持久性
事務控制分類:
編程式事務:手動控制事務操作
聲明式事務:通過 AOP 控制事務
編程式事務實現
使用編程事務實現手動事務
@Component @Scope("prototype") public class TransactionUtils { // 獲取事務源 @Autowired private DataSourceTransactionManager dataSourceTransactionManager; // 開啟事務 public TransactionStatus begin() { TransactionStatus transaction = dataSourceTransactionManager.getTransaction(new DefaultTransactionAttribute()); return transaction; } // 提交事務 public void commit(TransactionStatus transaction) { dataSourceTransactionManager.commit(transaction); } // 回滾事務 public void rollback(TransactionStatus transaction) { dataSourceTransactionManager.rollback(transaction); } }
AOP技術封裝手動事務
@Component @Aspect public class TransactionAop { @Autowired private TransactionUtils transactionUtils; @Around("execution(* com.kernel.service.UserService.add(..))") public void around(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) { try { // 調用方法之前執行 System.out.println("開啟事務"); TransactionStatus transactionStatus = transactionUtils.begin(); proceedingJoinPoint.proceed(); System.out.println("提交事務"); transactionUtils.commit(transactionStatus); } catch (Throwable throwable) { System.out.println("回滾事務"); TransactionAspectSupport.currentTransactionStatus().setRollbackOnly(); } } }
事務註意事項:
一定不要將代碼通過 try 包裹起來,如果程序發生異常,事務接收不到異常,就會認為程序正常執行,就不會進行回滾,必須手動回滾
TransactionAspectSupport.currentTransactionStatus().setRollbackOnly();
聲明式事務
通過 AOP 實現,對方法進行攔截,在方法執行之前開啟事務,結束後提交事務,發生異常回滾事務
自定義事務註解
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface ExtTransaction { }
事務實現
@Component
@Aspect
public class TransactionAop {
@Autowired
private TransactionUtils transactionUtils;
private TransactionStatus transactionStatus = null;
/**
* AOP實現事務管理
*
* @param proceedingJoinPoint 切面通知對象
*/
@Around("execution(* com.kernel.service.*.* (..))")
public void around(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) {
try {
// 獲取註解對象
ExtTransaction extTransaction = getExtTransaction(proceedingJoinPoint);
begin(extTransaction);
// 執行目標方法
proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
// 提交事務
commit();
} catch (Throwable throwable) {
transactionUtils.rollback();
}
}
/**
* 獲取註解對象
*
* @param proceedingJoinPoint 切面通知對象
* @return 註解對象
* @throws NoSuchMethodException
*/
public ExtTransaction getExtTransaction(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws NoSuchMethodException {
// 獲取方法名稱
String method = proceedingJoinPoint.getSignature().getName();
// 獲取目標方法
Class<?> classTarget = proceedingJoinPoint.getTarget().getClass();
// 獲取目標對象類型
Class[] parameterTypes = ((MethodSignature) proceedingJoinPoint.getSignature()).getParameterTypes();
// 獲取目標對象方法
Method objMethod = classTarget.getMethod(method, parameterTypes);
// 獲取註解
ExtTransaction declaredAnnotation = objMethod.getDeclaredAnnotation(ExtTransaction.class);
return declaredAnnotation;
}
/**
* 開啟事務
* @param extTransaction 註解對象
* @return 事務對象
*/
TransactionStatus begin(ExtTransaction extTransaction) {
if (extTransaction != null)
transactionStatus = transactionUtils.begin();
return transactionStatus;
}
/**
* 提交事務
*/
void commit() {
if (transactionStatus != null)
transactionUtils.commit(transactionStatus);
}
/**
* 回滾事務
*/
void rollback() {
transactionUtils.rollback();
}
}
Spring事物傳播行為
- PROPAGATION_REQUIRED:如果當前有事務,就用當前事務,如果當前沒有事務,就新建一個事務
- PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS:支持當前事務,如果當前沒有事務,就以非事務方式執行
- PROPAGATION_MANDATORY:支持當前事務,如果當前沒有事務,就拋出異常
- PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW:新建事務,如果當前存在事務,把當前事務掛起
- PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED:以非事務方式執行操作,如果當前存在事務,就把當前事務掛起
- PROPAGATION_NEVER:以非事務方式執行,如果當前存在事務,則拋出異常
什麽是 Spring IOC?
Spring IOC 指的是控制反轉,IOC 容器負責實例化、定位、配置應用程序中的對象及建立這些對象間的依賴,交由Spring來管理這些,實現解耦
手寫 Spring IOC
實現步驟:
掃包
將標註了註解的類,通過反射創建實例並添加的 bean 容器中
當用戶向容器要 bean 時,通過 beanId 在 bean 容器中查找並返回實例
package com.kernel.ext;
import com.kernel.ext.annotation.ExtAutoWired;
import com.kernel.ext.annotation.ExtService;
import com.kernel.utils.ClassUtil;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* IOC 註解版本
*/
public class ExtClassPathXmlApplicationContext {
// 包名
private String packageName;
// bean容器
private ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> beans = null;
/**
* 構造函數
*
* @param packageName 包名
* @throws InstantiationException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
*/
public ExtClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String packageName) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
this.packageName = packageName;
init();
}
/**
* 初始化對象
*
* @throws IllegalAccessException
* @throws InstantiationException
*/
private void init() throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
// 遍歷所有類
List<Class<?>> classes = ClassUtil.getClasses(packageName);
// 將所有標註ExtService註解的類加入到容器中
findAnnotationByClasses(classes);
}
/**
* 過濾標註ExtService註解的類
*
* @param classes
* @throws InstantiationException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
*/
private void findAnnotationByClasses(List<Class<?>> classes) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
for (Class classInfo : classes) {
ExtService extService = (ExtService) classInfo.getAnnotation(ExtService.class);
if (extService != null) {
Object newInstance = newInstance(classInfo);
beans.put(toLowerCaseFirstOne(classInfo.getSimpleName()), newInstance);
}
}
}
/**
* 通過反射構建對象
*
* @param classInfo
* @return
* @throws InstantiationException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
*/
private Object newInstance(Class classInfo) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException {
return classInfo.getClass().newInstance();
}
/**
* 通過beanId查找對應的實例
*
* @param beanId
* @return
*/
public Object getBean(String beanId) throws IllegalAccessException {
Object object = null;
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(beanId))
return null;
for (String id : beans.keySet())
if (beanId.equals(id)) {
object = beans.get(beanId);
attrAssign(object);
break;
}
return object;
}
/**
* 依賴註入
*/
void attrAssign(Object object) throws IllegalAccessException {
Class<?> aClass = object.getClass();
Field[] declaredFields = aClass.getDeclaredFields();
for (Field field : declaredFields) {
ExtAutoWired extAutoWired = field.getAnnotation(ExtAutoWired.class);
if (extAutoWired != null) {
field.setAccessible(true);
Object bean = getBean(field.getName());
field.set(field.getName(), object);
}
}
}
/**
* 首字母變小寫
*
* @param s
* @return
*/
public static String toLowerCaseFirstOne(String s) {
if (Character.isLowerCase(s.charAt(0)))
return s;
else {
StringBuffer stringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
stringBuffer.append(Character.toLowerCase(s.charAt(0)));
stringBuffer.append(s.substring(1));
return stringBuffer.toString();
}
}
}
Spring MVC 原理
執行流程:
-
用戶請求 url 至前端控制器 DispatcherServlet
-
DispatcherServlet 調用處理器映射器 HandlerMapping
-
HandlerMapping 根據 url 找到具體的處理器生成處理器執行鏈,並將執行鏈返回給 DispatcherServlet
-
DispatcherServlet 根據處理器 Handler 獲取處理器適配器 HandlerAdapter 執行
-
執行 Handler
-
返回 ModelAndView 返回給 DispatcherServlet
-
DispatcherServlet 將 ModelAnd view 傳遞給視圖解析器 ViewResolver
-
ViewResolver 解析成具體 View
-
渲染視圖
- 響應頁面給用戶
Servlet 生命周期
init:在 Servlet 生命周期中,該方法僅執行一次,它是在將服務器裝入 Servlet 時執行的,負責初始化 Servlet 對象,Servlet 是單例多線程的
service:負責響應請求,每當一個客戶請求一個 HttpServlet 對象,該對象的 Service 方法就要被調用,傳遞一個 ServletRequest 和 ServletResponse 對象
destroy:在服務器停止卸載 Servlet 時調用
手寫 Spring MVC
實現步驟:
創建一個 ExtDispatcherServlet 繼承 HttpServlet
掃包
將標註了 @ExtController 註解的類,通過反射創建對象添加到容器中,將 beanId 和控制器關聯
將標註了 @ExtRequestMapping 註解的類,將請求url 和控制器對象關聯,將 url 和 方法關聯
當用戶請求 url 時,查找和 url 對應的對象,然後查找和 url 對應的方法,執行方法,解析並渲染
package com.kernel.ext.servlet;
import com.kernel.controller.ExtIndexController;
import com.kernel.ext.annotation.ExtController;
import com.kernel.ext.annotation.ExtRequestMapping;
import com.kernel.utils.ClassUtil;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
/**
* 手寫SpringMVC
*/
public class ExtDispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet {
// 關聯beanId和Object
private ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> mvcBeans = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
// 關聯url和控制器對象
private ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> mvcBeanUrl = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
// 關聯url和methodName
private ConcurrentHashMap<String, String> mvcMethodUrl = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
/**
* 初始化Servlet
*/
public void init() {
try {
List<Class<?>> classes = ClassUtil.getClasses("com.kernel.controller");
findClassMVCBeans(classes);
handlerMapping(mvcBeans);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 關聯url和控制器對象、url和methoName
* @param mvcBeans
*/
private void handlerMapping(ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> mvcBeans) {
for (Object classInfo : mvcBeans.values()) {
ExtRequestMapping extCla***equestMapping = classInfo.getClass().getDeclaredAnnotation(ExtRequestMapping.class);
String requestBaseUrl = null;
if (extCla***equestMapping != null) {
requestBaseUrl = extCla***equestMapping.value();
}
Method[] methods = classInfo.getClass().getDeclaredMethods();
for (Method method : methods) {
ExtRequestMapping extMthodRequestMapping = method.getDeclaredAnnotation(ExtRequestMapping.class);
if (extCla***equestMapping != null){
String httpRequestUrl = extMthodRequestMapping.value();
mvcBeanUrl.put(requestBaseUrl + httpRequestUrl, classInfo);
mvcMethodUrl.put(requestBaseUrl + httpRequestUrl, method.getName());
}
}
}
}
/**
* 將所有控制器添加到mvcBeans中
* @param classes 包內所有類
* @throws InstantiationException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
* @throws ClassNotFoundException
*/
private void findClassMVCBeans(List<Class<?>> classes) throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
for (Class classInfo : classes) {
ExtController extController = (ExtController) classInfo.getDeclaredAnnotation(ExtController.class);
if (extController != null){
mvcBeans.put(classInfo.getName(), ClassUtil.newInstance(classInfo));
}
}
}
/**
* get請求
* @param req
* @param resp
* @throws IOException
* @throws ServletException
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws IOException, ServletException {
try {
doPost(req, resp);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* post請求
* @param req
* @param resp
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
try {
doDispatch(req, resp);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 路由分發
* @param req
* @param resp
* @throws Exception
*/
private void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws Exception {
String requestUrl = req.getServletPath();
Object object = mvcBeanUrl.get(requestUrl);
if (object == null)
object = ExtIndexController.class.newInstance();
String methodName = mvcMethodUrl.get(requestUrl);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(methodName))
methodName = "error";
Class<?> classInfo = object.getClass();
String resultPage = (String) methodInvoke(classInfo, object, methodName);
viewDisplay(resultPage, req, resp);
}
/**
* 視圖渲染
* @param resultPage
* @param req
* @param resp
* @throws ServletException
* @throws IOException
*/
private void viewDisplay(String resultPage, HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
String suffix = ".jsp";
String prefix = "/";
req.getRequestDispatcher(prefix + resultPage + suffix).forward(req, resp);
}
/**
* 反射執行方法
* @param classInfo 控制器
* @param object 控制器對象
* @param methodName 方法名稱
* @return
* @throws InvocationTargetException
* @throws IllegalAccessException
* @throws NoSuchMethodException
*/
private Object methodInvoke(Class<?> classInfo, Object object, String methodName) throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
Method method = null;
try {
method = classInfo.getDeclaredMethod(methodName);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
finally {
return method.invoke(object);
}
}
}
手寫 Spring 事務、IOC、DI 和 MVC