ansible之變量使用與playbook的設置(重點)
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-05-03
exports 2個 yml oot check config 簡單 ota 文件 
ansible之playbook
1.playbook的語法格式如下: - hosts: webservers 是定義的主機組 也就是playbook中的 play 角色的意思 註意":" 冒號後面也必須價格空格不然就報錯
tasks: 註意 他前面是有2個空格的, ansible 是用空格來區分規格的, 記住不能使用tab按鍵
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir project1 [[email protected] ~]# cd project1/ [[email protected] project1]# cat p1.yml--- #play - hosts: webservers tasks: - name: Installed Httpd Server yum: name: httpd state: present - name: Start Httpd Server systemd: name: httpd state: started enabled: yes
2.檢查語法，只檢查是否是yaml語法格式。並不做邏輯校驗。 (記住這個要經常使用,他是判斷語法是否正確!!!)
[[email protected] project1]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check p1.yml
3.模擬執行（不是真的執行）
[[email protected] project1]# ansible-playbook -C p1.yml
4.真實的描述狀態（被控端的狀態必須與控制端描述的狀態一致）
[[email protected] project1]# ansible-playbook p1.yml
[[email protected] project1]# cat多paly語法示例p1.yml --- #play - hosts: webservers tasks: - name: Installed Httpd Server yum: name=httpd state=present - name: Start Httpd Server systemd: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes - name: Start Firewalld Server systemd: name=firewalld state=started enabled=yes - name: Configure Firewalld Server firewalld: service=http immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled - hosts: web01 tasks: - name: Configure web01 Website copy: content=‘This is Web01‘ dest=/var/www/html/index.html - hosts: web02 tasks: - name: Cofnigure webi-2 weisite copy: content=‘This is Web02‘ dest=/var/www/html/index.html
1.安裝 2.配置 用戶 /data 3.啟動 #記得重啟你的nfs [[email protected] project1]# cat nfs.yml - hosts: web01 tasks: - name: Install NFS-utils Server yum: name=nfs-utils state=present - name: Configure Nfs-utils Server copy: src=./exports.j2 dest=/etc/exports owner=root group=root mode=0644 - name: Create NFS Group group: name=www gid=666 - name: Create NFS User user: name=www uid=666 group=www create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin - name: Create Data Directory file: path=/data state=directory owner=www group=www mode=0755 recurse=yes - name: Start NFS Server systemd: name=nfs state=started enabled=yes - hosts: web02 tasks: - name: Mount NFS Server mount: path=/opt src=172.16.1.7:/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted安裝NFS服務
1.使用yum安裝 httpd、php、php-mysql、mariadb、firewalld等 2.啟動httpd、firewalld、mariadb等服務 3.添加防火墻規則，放行http的流量，並永久生效 4.使用get_url下載 http://fj.xuliangwei.com/public/index.php 文件 [[email protected] project1]# cat lamp.yml #- hosts: webservers - hosts: otherservers tasks: - name: Installed Web Packages yum: name=httpd,mariadb-server,php,php-mysql,php-pdo state=present - name: Start Web Serivce service: name=httpd state=started - name: Start Mariadb Service service: name=mariadb state=started - name: Get Wordpress unarchive: src=./wordpress-5.0.3-zh_CN.tar.gz dest=/var/www/html/ copy=yes mode=0755 # - name: Copy Index.php # copy: src=./index.php.j2 dest=/var/www/html/index.php # - name: Get Url index.php # get_url: url="http://fj.xuliangwei.com/public/index.php" des使用AnsiblePlaybook方式構建LAMP架構，具體操作步驟如下:
ansible之編寫playbook的變量形式
變量
1、playbook變量可以通過多種方式進行定義，最簡單的方式就是在playbook的開頭通過vars進行定義
#安裝兩個軟件包使用變量方式 [[email protected] project1]# cat p2.yml - hosts: webservers vars: - web_package: httpd - ftp_package: vsftpd tasks: - name: Installed Packages yum: name: - "{{ web_package }}" - "{{ ftp_package }}" state: present
2.也可以在playbook中使用vars_files指定文件作為變量文件，好處就是其他的playbook也可以調
[[email protected] project1]# cat vars.yml web_package: httpd ftp_package: vsftpd [[email protected] project1]# cat p2.yml - hosts: webservers vars_files: ./vars.yml tasks: - name: Installed Packages yum: name: - "{{ web_package }}" - "{{ ftp_package }}" state: present
4.更好的方式是在ansible的項目目錄中創建額外的兩個變量目錄，分別是host_vars和group_vars
group_vars目錄下必須存放和inventory清單文件中定義的組名一致，如下 [[email protected] project1]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [webservers] web01 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.7 web02 ansible_ssh_host=172.16.1.8 [[email protected] project1]# cat group_vars/webservers web_package: httpd ftp_package: vsftpd 註意：系統提供了特殊的組，all，也就說在group_vars目錄下創建一個all文件，定義變量對所有的主機都生效 [[email protected] project1]# cat host_vars/web01 web_package: zlib-static ftp_package: zmap [[email protected] project1]# cat group_vars/webservers web_package: httpd ftp_package: vsftpd [[email protected] project1]# cat p4.yml - hosts: webservers #- hosts: otherservers tasks: - name: Installed Packages yum: name: - "{{ web_package }}" - "{{ ftp_package }}" state: present [[email protected] project1]# ansible-playbook p4.yml PLAY [webservers] ******************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************** ok: [web02] ok: [web01] TASK [Installed Packages] ************************************************************************************************ ok: [web02] changed: [web01] PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************** web01 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 web02 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0View Code
6.變量優先級測試
命令行變量--->play中的vars_files--->play中的vars變量-->host_vars中定義的變量--->group_vars/組--->group_vars/all
6.變量註冊register
- hosts: webservers tasks: - name: Get Network Port Status shell: netstat -lntp register: net_port - name: OutPut Network Port Status debug: msg: "{{ net_port.stdout_lines }}"
7.變量也支持層級定義，使用"."可能會有問題，建議使用"[]"代替。
[[email protected] project1]# cat vars1.yml rainbow: web: web_package: httpd db_package: mariadb code: web: filename: code_web_filename [[email protected] project1]# cat p8.yml - hosts: webservers vars_files: ./vars1.yml tasks: - name: Install Package yum: name= "{{ rainbow[‘web‘][‘web_package‘] }}" - name: create filename file: path: /tmp/{{ code.web.filename }} state: touch
facts (setup模塊) 重點!!!! 他可以獲取被控端的主機的變量信息, 還可以通過變量的運算得到相應的值
當使用facts 就需要使用template 這個模塊
[[email protected] project1]# cat p10.yml - hosts: webservers #gather_facts: no 關閉facts采集 vars: - zabbix_server: 172.16.1.71 tasks: - name: Copy Zabbix Agent Configure template: src=./zabbix_agentd.conf dest=/tmp/zabbix_agent.conf
playbook安裝一個memcached : 這裏就用到了變量的運算,獲取對應的值的信息
[[email protected] project1]# cat memcached.j2 PORT="11211" USER="memcached" MAXCONN="1024" CACHESIZE="{{ ansible_memtotal_mb //2 }}" OPTIONS="" [[email protected] project1]# cat p11.yml - hosts: webservers tasks: - name: Installed Memcached yum: name=memcached state=present - name: Configure Memcached template: src=./memcached.j2 dest=/etc/sysconfig/memcached - name: Start Memcached service: name=memcached state=started enabled=yes
ansible之變量使用與playbook的設置(重點)