Vue中傳送ajax請求——axios使用詳解

axios

基於 Promise 的 HTTP 請求客戶端，可同時在瀏覽器和 node.js 中使用

• 在瀏覽器中傳送 XMLHttpRequests 請求
• 在 node.js 中傳送 http請求
• 支援 Promise API
• 攔截請求和響應
• 轉換請求和響應資料
• 自動轉換 JSON 資料
• 客戶端支援保護安全免受 XSRF 攻擊

瀏覽器支援

安裝

使用 bower:

$ bower install axios
 

使用 npm:

$ npm install axios

例子

傳送一個 GET 請求

// Make a request for a user with a given ID 
axios.get('/user?ID=12345')
    .then(function (response) {
        console.log(response);
    })
    .catch(function (response) {
        console.log(response);
    });
// Optionally the request above could also be done as 
axios.get('/user', {params: {ID: 12345}})
    .then(function (response) {
        console.log(response);
    })
    .catch(function (response) {
        console.log(response);
    });

傳送一個 POST 請求

axios.post('/user', {firstName: 'Fred', lastName: 'Flintstone'})
    .then(function (response) {
        console.log(response);
    })
    .catch(function (response) {
        console.log(response);
    });

傳送多個併發請求

function getUserAccount() {
    return axios.get('/user/12345');
}

function getUserPermissions() {
    return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
}

axios.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
    .then(axios.spread(function (acct, perms) {
        // Both requests are now complete
    }));

axios API

可以通過給 axios傳遞對應的引數來定製請求：

axios(config)

// Send a POST request
axios(
    {
        method: 'post',
        url: '/user/12345',
        data: {
            firstName: 'Fred',
            lastName: 'Flintstone'
        }
    });

axios(url[, config])

// Sned a GET request (default method) 
axios('/user/12345');

請求方法別名

為方便起見，我們為所有支援的請求方法都提供了別名

axios.get(url[, config])

axios.delete(url[, config])

axios.head(url[, config])

axios.post(url[, data[, config]])

axios.put(url[, data[, config]])

axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])

注意

當使用別名方法時， url、 method 和 data 屬性不需要在 config 引數裡面指定。

併發

處理併發請求的幫助方法

axios.all(iterable)

axios.spread(callback)

建立一個例項

你可以用自定義配置建立一個新的 axios 例項。

axios.create([config])

var instance = axios.create({
    baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
    timeout: 1000,
    headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
});

例項方法

所有可用的例項方法都列在下面了，指定的配置將會和該例項的配置合併。

axios#request(config)

axios#get(url[, config])

axios#delete(url[, config])

axios#head(url[, config])

axios#post(url[, data[, config]])

axios#put(url[, data[, config]])

axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])

請求配置

下面是可用的請求配置項，只有 url 是必需的。如果沒有指定 method ，預設的請求方法是 GET。

{
    // `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request 
    url:'/user',
    // `method` is the request method to be used when making the request 
    method: 'get', // default 
    // `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute. 
    // It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs 
    // to methods of that instance. 
    baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
    // `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server 
    // This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH' 
    // The last function in the array must return a string or an ArrayBuffer 
    transformRequest: [function (data) { 
        // Do whatever you want to transform the data return data; 
    }], 
    // `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before 
    // it is passed to then/catch 
    transformResponse: [function (data) { 
        // Do whatever you want to transform the data return data; 
    }],
    // `headers` are custom headers to be sent 
    headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
    // `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request 
    params: { ID: 12345 }; 
    // `paramsSerializer` is an optional function in charge of serializing `params` 
    // (e.g. https://www.npmjs.com/package/qs, http://api.jquery.com/jquery.param/) 
    paramsSerializer: function(params) { 
        return Qs.stringify(params, {arrayFormat: 'brackets'}) 
    },
    // `data` is the data to be sent as the request body 
    // Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', and 'PATCH' 
    // When no `transformRequest` is set, must be a string, an ArrayBuffer or a hash 
     data: { firstName: 'Fred' },
    // `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out. 
    // If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted. 
     timeout: 1000, 
    // `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests 
    // should be made using credentials 
    withCredentials: false, // default 
    // `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier. 
    // Call `resolve` or `reject` and supply a valid response (see [response docs](#response-api)). 
    adapter: function (resolve, reject, config) { /* ... */ }, 
    // `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials. 
    // This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing 
    // `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`. 
    auth: { username: 'janedoe', password: 's00pers3cret' }
    // `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with 
    // options are 'arraybuffer', 'blob', 'document', 'json', 'text' 
    responseType: 'json', // default 
    // `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token 
    xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default 
    // `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value 
    xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default 
    // `progress` allows handling of progress events for 'POST' and 'PUT uploads' as well as 'GET' downloads 
    progress: function(progressEvent) { 
        // Do whatever you want with the native progress event 
    } 
}

響應的資料結構

響應的資料包括下面的資訊：

{ 
    // `data` is the response that was provided by the server 
    data: {}, 
    // `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response 
    status: 200, 
    // `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response 
    statusText: 'OK', 
    // `headers` the headers that the server responded with 
    headers: {}, 
    // `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request 
    config: {} 
}

當使用 then 或者 catch 時, 你會收到下面的響應：

axios.get('/user/12345').then(function (response) {
    console.log(response.data);
    console.log(response.status);
    console.log(response.statusText);
    console.log(response.headers);
    console.log(response.config);
});

預設配置

你可以為每一個請求指定預設配置。

全域性 axios 預設配置

axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';
axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';

自定義例項預設配置

// Set config defaults when creating the instance 
var instance = axios.create({baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'});
// Alter defaults after instance has been created 
instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;

配置的優先順序

Config will be merged with an order of precedence. The order is library defaults found in lib/defaults.js, then defaults property of the instance, and finally config argument for the request. The latter will take precedence over the former. Here's an example.

// Create an instance using the config defaults provided by the library 
// At this point the timeout config value is `0` as is the default for the library 
var instance = axios.create();
// Override timeout default for the library 
// Now all requests will wait 2.5 seconds before timing out 
instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;
// Override timeout for this request as it's known to take a long time 
instance.get('/longRequest', {timeout: 5000});

攔截器

你可以在處理 then 或 catch 之前攔截請求和響應

// 新增一個請求攔截器 
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
    // Do something before request is sent return config; 
}, function (error) {
    // Do something with request error return Promise.reject(error); 
});
// 新增一個響應攔截器 
axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
    // Do something with response data return response; 
}, function (error) {
    // Do something with response error return Promise.reject(error); 
});

移除一個攔截器：

var myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {
    /*...*/
});
axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);

你可以給一個自定義的 axios 例項新增攔截器：

var instance = axios.create();
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {
    /*...*/
});

錯誤處理

axios.get('/user/12345').catch(function (response) {
    if (response instanceof Error) {
        // Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error 
        console.log('Error', response.message);
    } else {
        // The request was made, but the server responded with a status code 
        // that falls out of the range of 2xx 
        console.log(response.data);
        console.log(response.status);
        console.log(response.headers);
        console.log(response.config);
    }
});

Promises

axios 依賴一個原生的 ES6 Promise 實現，如果你的瀏覽器環境不支援 ES6 Promises，你需要引入 polyfill

TypeScript

axios 包含一個 TypeScript 定義

/// <reference path="axios.d.ts" />
import * as axios from 'axios';
axios.get('/user?ID=12345');

Credits

axios is heavily inspired by the $http service provided in Angular. Ultimately axios is an effort to provide a standalone $http-like service for use outside of Angular.

License

MIT

轉載:https://www.awesomes.cn/repo/mzabriskie/axios