49.Qt-網路程式設計之QTCPSocket和QTCPServer(實現簡易網路除錯助手)
阿新 • • 發佈：2019-08-07
在上章 48.QT-網路通訊講解1,我們學習了網路通訊基礎後,本章便來實戰一篇.原始碼正在整理中,等下貼地址.
PS:支援客戶端和伺服器,提供原始碼,並且伺服器支援多客戶端連入,並且可以指定與個別客戶端傳送資料,也可以給所有連入的客戶端傳送資料.
1.效果圖所下所示:
如下圖所示,當伺服器狀態下,如果有客戶端連入,會提示客戶端資訊:
2.效果操作
客戶端操作:
伺服器操作:
從上面操作可以看出,伺服器支援多客戶端連入,並且可以指定與個別客戶端傳送資料,也可以給所有連入的客戶端傳送資料.
3.首先建立UI
4.注意事項
不管是伺服器還是客戶端,都可以通過peerAddress()和peerPort()來獲取目標地址和目標埠
4.1伺服器監聽時
比如伺服器,則可以通過QTcpSocket的peerAddress()則可以獲取連入的客戶端地址
也可以通過children()來獲取所有連入的客戶端(需要注意的是也會獲取到伺服器本身的tcp地址和埠),示例如下:
QList<QTcpSocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findChildren<QTcpSocket *>();
foreach (QTcpSocket *tcp, m_tcps)
{
qDebug() << "Address:" << tcp->peerAddress ();
qDebug() << "Port:" << tcp->peerPort ();
}如果我們只向連入的客戶端某個埠傳送資料時,就可以通過上面的方式篩選出來.
這樣做的話如果覺得很麻煩,也可以將之前連線上的客戶端存到QList裡再進行篩選.
4.2 QTcpSocket步驟
- 首先通過connectToHost()來連線伺服器.
- 然後呼叫waitForConnected()來判斷是否連線伺服器超時
- 當我們接收到伺服器資料的時候,則會發出readyRead()訊號,然後再進行read ()讀取發來的資料
- 傳送資料時,則呼叫write()函式進行傳送,當bytesWritten()訊號函式觸發時,便可以獲取成功傳送的資料長度.
注意:如果read到的資料長度量不是自己想要的,此時我們便可以通過bytesAvailable()來讀取接收到的資料長度量.當達到多少時,再進行read ()讀取.
4.3 QTcpServer步驟
- 首先通過listen(QHostAddress::AnyIPv4, port)來監聽所有來自IPV4的客戶端
- 當有新的客戶端連線伺服器的時候,會自動觸發newConnection()訊號函式,然後我們可以通過通過QTcpSocket * nextPendingConnection()成員函式來獲取當前連線上的新的客戶端類.然後再對QTcpSocket來進行訊號槽繫結
- 當客戶端發來資料的時候,則可以通過我們定義的onServerDataReady()來讀取資料
- 當我們向某個連線的客戶端傳送資料時,則通過m_server.findChildren()來篩選出來,然後write即可.
5.程式碼介紹
5.1 標頭檔案介紹
#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H
#include <QWidget>
#include <QTcpSocket>
#include <QTcpServer>
#include <QMessageBox>
namespace Ui {
class Widget;
}
class Widget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
QTcpSocket m_client;
QTcpServer m_server;
QString targetAddr;
int targetPort;
public:
explicit Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);
~Widget();
private slots:
void on_btn_switch_clicked();
void on_tcpMode_currentIndexChanged(int index);
void on_btn_send_clicked(); //傳送按鈕
void on_betn_clear_clicked(); //清空按鈕
//客戶端槽函式
void onClientConnected();
void onClientDisconnected();
void onClientDataReady();
void onClientBytesWritten(qint64 bytes);
void onClientErr(QAbstractSocket::SocketError socketError);
//伺服器槽函式
void onServerNewConnection();
void onServerConnected();
void onServerDisconnected();
void onServerDataReady();
void onServerBytesWritten(qint64 bytes);
private:
void startConnect(bool ison);
void initClientSignals(); //初始化客戶端訊號槽
bool startClient(); //啟動客戶端
void initServerSignals(); //初始化客戶端訊號槽
bool startServer(); //啟動伺服器
Ui::Widget *ui;
};
#endif // WIDGET_H
5.2 widget.cpp介紹
該cpp主要是用來處理介面操作的函式
#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :
QWidget(parent),
ui(new Ui::Widget)
{
ui->setupUi(this);
startConnect(false);
on_tcpMode_currentIndexChanged(0);
initClientSignals(); //初始化客戶端訊號槽
initServerSignals(); //初始化伺服器訊號槽
//限制只能數字輸入
QRegExp regx("[0-9]+$");
QValidator *validator = new QRegExpValidator(regx, this );
ui->ipAddr1->setValidator( validator );
ui->ipAddr2->setValidator( validator );
ui->ipAddr3->setValidator( validator );
ui->ipAddr4->setValidator( validator );
ui->ipPort->setValidator( validator );
}
void Widget::on_tcpMode_currentIndexChanged(int index)
{
if(index==0) //clent
{
ui->ipPortLabel->setText("伺服器埠號:");
ui->ipAddLabel->show();
ui->ipAdds->show();
ui->targetLabel->hide();
ui->targetObject->hide();
}
else
{
ui->ipAddLabel->hide();
ui->ipAdds->hide();
ui->ipPortLabel->setText("本地埠號:");
}
}
void Widget::on_btn_switch_clicked() //切換連線開關
{
bool ret;
if(ui->btn_switch->text()=="開啟連線")
{
if(ui->tcpMode->currentIndex()==0) //啟動客戶端
ret=startClient() ;
else
ret=startServer();
if(ret)
startConnect(true);
}
else
{
if(ui->tcpMode->currentIndex()==0) //啟動客戶端
m_client.close();
else
{
if( m_server.isListening() )
{
QList<QTcpSocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findChildren<QTcpSocket *>();
foreach (QTcpSocket *tcp, m_tcps)
{
tcp->close();
}
m_server.close();
}
}
startConnect(false);
}
}
void Widget::startConnect(bool ison)
{
if(!ison)
{
ui->btn_switch->setStyleSheet("color:blue;border: 1px solid blue");
ui->btn_switch->setText("開啟連線");
//使能
ui->ipAddr1->setEnabled(true);
ui->ipAddr2->setEnabled(true);
ui->ipAddr3->setEnabled(true);
ui->ipAddr4->setEnabled(true);
ui->tcpMode->setEnabled(true);
ui->ipPort->setEnabled(true);
ui->localPort->setText("");
}
else
{
ui->btn_switch->setStyleSheet("color:red;border: 1px solid red");
ui->btn_switch->setText("關閉連線");
//失能
ui->ipAddr1->setEnabled(false);
ui->ipAddr2->setEnabled(false);
ui->ipAddr3->setEnabled(false);
ui->ipAddr4->setEnabled(false);
ui->tcpMode->setEnabled(false);
ui->ipPort->setEnabled(false);
targetAddr="";
targetPort=0;
ui->sendLenLabel->setText("0");
}
}
void Widget::on_betn_clear_clicked()
{
ui->recvEdit->clear();
targetAddr="";
targetPort=0;
}
void Widget::on_btn_send_clicked()
{
if(ui->btn_switch->text()!="開啟連線")
{
if(ui->tcpMode->currentIndex()==0) //客戶端
{
m_client.write(ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit(),ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit().length());
}
else
{
if(ui->targetObject->currentText()!="所有物件")
{
QList<QTcpSocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findChildren<QTcpSocket *>();
foreach (QTcpSocket *tcp, m_tcps)
{
if(ui->targetObject->currentText() == tcp->objectName())
{
tcp->write(ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit(),ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit().length());
break;
}
}
}
else //所有連線上的客戶端都發送一遍
{
QList<QTcpSocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findChildren<QTcpSocket *>();
foreach (QTcpSocket *tcp, m_tcps)
{
tcp->write(ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit(),ui->sendEdit->toPlainText().toLocal8Bit().length());
}
}
}
}
}
Widget::~Widget()
{
QList<QTcpSocket *> m_tcps = m_server.findChildren<QTcpSocket *>();
foreach (QTcpSocket *tcp, m_tcps)
{
tcp->close();
}
if(m_client.isOpen())
{
m_client.close();
qDebug()<<"m_client close";
}
delete ui;
}
5.3 clentHandler.cpp介紹
該cpp主要用來處理客戶端操作相關的檔案.
#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
void Widget::initClientSignals() //初始化客戶端訊號槽
{
connect(&m_client, SIGNAL(connected()), this, SLOT(onClientConnected()));
connect(&m_client, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(onClientDisconnected()));
connect(&m_client, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(onClientDataReady()));
connect(&m_client, SIGNAL(bytesWritten(qint64)), this, SLOT(onClientBytesWritten(qint64)));
connect(&m_client, SIGNAL(error(QAbstractSocket::SocketError )), this, SLOT(onClientErr(QAbstractSocket::SocketError)));
}
bool Widget::startClient() //啟動客戶端
{
QString ip = QString("%1.%2.%3.%4").arg(ui->ipAddr1->text()).arg(ui->ipAddr2->text()).arg(ui->ipAddr3->text()).arg(ui->ipAddr4->text());
qDebug()<<ip;
m_client.connectToHost(ip, ui->ipPort->text().toInt());
if(m_client.waitForConnected(800))
{
return true;
}
else
{
QMessageBox::information(this,"提示",QString("連線超時"),QMessageBox::Ok);
return false;
}
}
void Widget::onClientConnected()
{
startConnect(true);
QMessageBox::information(this,"提示","連線成功",QMessageBox::Ok);
ui->localPort->setText(QString("%1").arg(m_client.localPort())); //顯示本地埠號
}
void Widget::onClientDisconnected()
{
startConnect(false);
QMessageBox::information(this,"提示","斷開完成",QMessageBox::Ok);
}
void Widget::onClientDataReady()
{
if(m_client.peerAddress().toString()!=targetAddr || m_client.peerPort()!=targetPort )
{
targetAddr = m_client.peerAddress().toString();
targetPort = m_client.peerPort();
ui->recvEdit->insertPlainText("[接受來自"+ targetAddr+":"+QString("%1").arg(targetPort)+"]:\r\n");
}
ui->recvEdit->moveCursor(QTextCursor::End);
ui->recvEdit->insertPlainText(QString::fromLocal8Bit(m_client.readAll())+"\r\n");
}
void Widget::onClientBytesWritten(qint64 bytes)
{
qDebug() << "onBytesWritten:" << bytes;
ui->sendLenLabel->setText(QString("%1").arg(ui->sendLenLabel->text().toInt()+bytes));
}
void Widget::onClientErr(QAbstractSocket::SocketError socketError)
{
qDebug()<<"onClientErr:"<<socketError;
m_client.close();
startConnect(false);
QMessageBox::information(this,"提示",QString("連線失敗:%1").arg((int)socketError),QMessageBox::Ok);
}
5.4 serverHandler.cpp介紹
該cpp主要用來處理伺服器操作相關的檔案
#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
void Widget::initServerSignals() //初始化訊號槽
{
connect(&m_server, SIGNAL(newConnection()), this, SLOT(onServerNewConnection()));
}
bool Widget::startServer() //啟動伺服器
{
if(m_server.listen(QHostAddress::AnyIPv4,ui->ipPort->text().toInt())) //只監聽IPV4的所有客戶端
{
ui->targetLabel->show();
ui->targetObject->show();
ui->localPort->setText(QString("%1").arg(m_server.serverPort()));
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
void Widget::onServerNewConnection()
{
qDebug() << "onNewConnection";
QTcpSocket* tcp = m_server.nextPendingConnection(); //獲取新的客戶端資訊
QString info=tcp->peerAddress().toString()+":"+QString("%1").arg(tcp->peerPort());
ui->targetObject->addItem(info);
QMessageBox::information(this,"提示",QString("新的客戶端連入:%1").arg(info),QMessageBox::Ok);
tcp->setObjectName(info); //設定名稱,方便查詢
connect(tcp, SIGNAL(connected()), this, SLOT(onServerConnected()));
connect(tcp, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(onServerDisconnected()));
connect(tcp, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(onServerDataReady()));
connect(tcp, SIGNAL(bytesWritten(qint64)), this, SLOT(onServerBytesWritten(qint64)));
}
void Widget::onServerConnected()
{
}
void Widget::onServerDisconnected()
{
QTcpSocket* tcp = dynamic_cast<QTcpSocket*>(sender());
if( tcp != NULL ) //從連線物件中移除掉
{
qDebug() << "onServerDisconnected";
qDebug() << "Local Address:" << tcp->peerAddress();
qDebug() << "Local Port:" << tcp->peerPort();
QString info=tcp->peerAddress().toString()+":"+QString("%1").arg(tcp->peerPort());
QMessageBox::information(this,"提示",QString("客戶端斷開連線:%1").arg(info),QMessageBox::Ok);
int index = ui-> targetObject ->findText(info);
if(index>=0)
ui->targetObject->removeItem(index);
}
}
void Widget::onServerDataReady()
{
QTcpSocket* tcp = dynamic_cast<QTcpSocket*>(sender());
if(tcp->peerAddress().toString()!=targetAddr || tcp->peerPort()!=targetPort )
{
targetAddr = tcp->peerAddress().toString();
targetPort = tcp->peerPort();
ui->recvEdit->insertPlainText("[接受來自"+ targetAddr+":"+QString("%1").arg(targetPort)+"]:\r\n");
}
ui->recvEdit->moveCursor(QTextCursor::End);
ui->recvEdit->insertPlainText(QString::fromLocal8Bit(tcp->readAll())+"\r\n");
}
void Widget::onServerBytesWritten(qint64 bytes)
{
qDebug() << "onBytesWritten:" << bytes;
ui->sendLenLabel->setText(QString("%1").arg(ui->sendLenLabel->text().toInt()+bytes));
}
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