.NET Core微服務一:Consul服務中心
本文的專案程式碼,在文章結尾處可以下載。
防爬蟲,本文的網址是:https://www.cnblogs.com/shousiji/p/12253295.html
本文使用的環境:Windows10 64位 + VS 2019 + .NET Core 3.1
Consul有關介紹:https://www.jianshu.com/p/32dc52f28a14
Consul官方網址:https://www.consul.io/
一、安裝服務中心
1.官網下載對應版本,並解壓出來
2.開啟cmd,cd到解壓的目錄,執行如下其中一條命令
本次演示都在同一臺計算機上,所以本文選擇命令一;這兩條命令請在開發環境使用,生產環境不要使用。
命令一:“consul.exe agent -dev”服務中心的ip地址,將會使用127.0.0.1
命令二:“consul.exe agent -dev -client x.x.x.x”指定服務中心的ip地址
3.命令執行成功後,開啟“http://127.0.0.1:8500/”,出現如下畫面
二、建立服務
1.服務端專案大體結構:
2.新建.NET Core類庫專案,命名為“ClassLibrary”,然後NuGet搜尋並安裝
“Consul”、“Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration”
Common.cs程式碼:
1 using Consul; 2 using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;= 3 using System; 4 5 namespace ClassLibrary 6 { 7 public class Common 8 { 9 public static IConfiguration Configuration { get; } 10 static Common() 11 { 12 Configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder().AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", false, true).Build(); 13 } 14 15 /// <summary> 16 /// 需要註冊的服務地址 17 /// </summary> 18 public static string ConsulServiceIP 19 { 20 get 21 { 22 return Configuration["ConsulService:IP"]; 23 } 24 } 25 26 /// <summary> 27 /// 需要註冊的服務埠 28 /// </summary> 29 public static int ConsulServicePort 30 { 31 get 32 { 33 string str = Configuration["ConsulService:Port"]; 34 return int.Parse(str); 35 } 36 } 37 38 /// <summary> 39 /// 服務註冊 40 /// </summary> 41 public static void ConsulRegister() 42 { 43 ConsulClient client = new ConsulClient( 44 (ConsulClientConfiguration c) => 45 { 46 c.Address = new Uri(Configuration["ConsulCenter:Address"]); //Consul服務中心地址 47 c.Datacenter = Configuration["ConsulCenter:DataCenter"]; //指定資料中心,如果未提供,則預設為代理的資料中心。 48 } 49 ); 50 string checkUrl = Configuration["ConsulCenter:CheckUrl"]; 51 client.Agent.ServiceRegister(new AgentServiceRegistration() 52 { 53 ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(), //服務編號,不可重複 54 Name = Configuration["ConsulService:Name"], //服務名稱 55 Port = ConsulServicePort, //本程式的埠號 56 Address = ConsulServiceIP, //本程式的IP地址 57 Check = new AgentServiceCheck() 58 { 59 DeregisterCriticalServiceAfter = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(1), //服務停止後多久登出 60 Interval = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), //服務健康檢查間隔 61 Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), //檢查超時的時間 62 HTTP = $"http://{ConsulServiceIP}:{ConsulServicePort}{checkUrl}" //檢查的地址 63 } 64 }); 65 } 66 67 } 68 }
3.新建.NET Core的webapi專案,命名為“ServiceStudent”,把“為HTTPS配置”的勾選去掉
Controller程式碼:
1 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; 2 using System; 3 using System.Collections.Generic; 4 5 namespace ServiceStudent.Controllers 6 { 7 [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")] 8 [ApiController] 9 public class DefaultController : ControllerBase 10 { 11 static List<Student> list = new List<Student>() { 12 new Student(){ ID = "001", StudentName = "學生1", StudentAge = 16 }, 13 new Student(){ ID = "002", StudentName = "學生2", StudentAge = 18 }, 14 new Student(){ ID = "003", StudentName = "學生3", StudentAge = 17 } 15 }; 16 17 /// <summary> 18 /// 健康檢查介面 19 /// </summary> 20 [HttpGet] 21 public string Check() 22 { 23 return "1"; 24 } 25 26 [HttpGet] 27 public List<Student> GetList() 28 { 29 Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString()); 30 return list; 31 } 32 33 [HttpGet] 34 public Student GetModel(string id) 35 { 36 Console.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString()); 37 return list.Find(t => t.ID == id); 38 } 39 } 40 }
其中有一段健康檢查的介面,作用是讓服務中心知道服務沒有掛掉還能訪問,不需要什麼業務,所以怎麼簡單怎麼來:
Model程式碼:
public class Student { public string ID { get; set; } public string StudentName { get; set; } public int StudentAge { get; set; } }
appsettings.json加入:
"ConsulCenter": { "Address": "http://127.0.0.1:8500", "CheckUrl": "/api/Default/Check", "DataCenter": "dc1" }, "ConsulService": { "IP": "127.0.0.1", "Port": 33331, "Name": "Student" }
Program.cs的CreateHostBuilder方法改為:
public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) { string ip = Common.ConsulServiceIP; int port = Common.ConsulServicePort; return Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => { webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>().UseUrls($"http://{ip}:{port}"); }); }
在Startup.cs的Configure方法中加入“ClassLibrary.Common.ConsulRegister();”
這樣一個“Student”服務就建立好了,“Teacher”服務也是如法炮製,但是需要改appsettings.json的服務名和埠號,程式碼就不貼了,請到文章結尾處下載。
三、啟動服務
不能在VS中啟動,因為我們已經在Program.cs自定義了IP和PORT。
開啟cmd,cd到Debug目錄,各自執行“dotnet ServiceStudent.dll”和“dotnet ServiceTeacher.dll”。
請檢查埠有沒有被佔用或超出範圍,如果失敗了,在配置檔案中換成埠試試。
服務執行成功後,開啟“http://127.0.0.1:8500/”,如下畫面註冊成功
如果出現一項打X,那就是失敗,這個服務會在1分鐘之後被踢出列表
一個服務可能會部署到多個伺服器上,用“Teacher”來模擬下多臺機器執行。
前面執行好的服務不要關閉,開啟Teacher的Debug目錄下的配置檔案,修改它的埠號,服務名不用改,再新開一個cmd,執行“dotnet ServiceTeacher.dll”
那麼服務中心就會有變化
四、使用服務
1.客戶端專案大體結構:
2.新建.net core類庫專案,命名為“ClassLibrary”,然後NuGet搜尋並安裝
“Consul”、“Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration”
Common.cs程式碼:
using Consul; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using System; using System.Linq; using System.Net.Http; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace ClassLibrary { public class Common { public static IConfiguration Configuration { get; } static Common() { Configuration = new ConfigurationBuilder().AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", false, true).Build(); } public static string ConsulAddress { get { return Configuration["ConsulAddress"]; } } /// <summary> /// 獲取服務 /// </summary> public static string GetService(string serviceName) { ConsulClient client = new ConsulClient(c => c.Address = new Uri(ConsulAddress)); var response = client.Agent.Services().Result.Response; //服務名稱區分大小寫,若要不區分:Equals(serviceName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) var services = response.Where(s => s.Value.Service.Equals(serviceName)).Select(s => s.Value); //進行取模,隨機取得一個伺服器,或者使用其它負載均衡策略 var service = services.ElementAt(Environment.TickCount % services.Count()); return service.Address + ":" + service.Port; } /// <summary> /// 獲取服務(非同步方法) /// </summary> public async Task<string> GetService2(string serviceName) { ConsulClient client = new ConsulClient(c => c.Address = new Uri(ConsulAddress)); var response = (await client.Agent.Services()).Response; //服務名稱區分大小寫,若要不區分:Equals(serviceName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) var services = response.Where(s => s.Value.Service.Equals(serviceName)).Select(s => s.Value); //進行取模,隨機取得一個伺服器,或者使用其它負載均衡策略 var service = services.ElementAt(Environment.TickCount % services.Count()); return service.Address + ":" + service.Port; } public static string HttpGetString(string url) { HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); string result = httpClient.GetAsync(url) .Result.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result; httpClient.Dispose(); return result; } public static T HttpGetObject<T>(string url) { string result = HttpGetString(url); return Newtonsoft.Json.JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<T>(result); } } }
3.新建.NET Core的webapi專案,命名為“ClientSite”,把“為HTTPS配置”的勾選去掉
StudentController程式碼:
1 using ClassLibrary; 2 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; 3 using System.Collections.Generic; 4 5 namespace ClientSite.Controllers 6 { 7 [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")] 8 [ApiController] 9 public class StudentController : ControllerBase 10 { 11 [HttpGet] 12 public object GetList() 13 { 14 string ip = Common.GetService("Student"); 15 List<Student> list = Common.HttpGetObject<List<Student>>($"http://{ip}/api/Default/GetList"); 16 return new 17 { 18 address = ip, 19 data = list 20 }; 21 } 22 23 [HttpGet] 24 public object GetModel(string id) 25 { 26 string ip = Common.GetService("Student"); 27 Student model = Common.HttpGetObject<Student>($"http://{ip}/api/Default/GetModel?id=" + id); 28 return new 29 { 30 address = ip, 31 data = model 32 }; 33 } 34 } 35 }
TeacherController程式碼:
1 using ClassLibrary; 2 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; 3 using System.Collections.Generic; 4 5 namespace ClientSite.Controllers 6 { 7 [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")] 8 [ApiController] 9 public class TeacherController : ControllerBase 10 { 11 [HttpGet] 12 public object GetList() 13 { 14 string ip = Common.GetService("Teacher"); 15 List<Teacher> list = Common.HttpGetObject<List<Teacher>>($"http://{ip}/api/Default/GetList"); 16 return new 17 { 18 address = ip, 19 data = list 20 }; 21 } 22 23 [HttpGet] 24 public object GetModel(string id) 25 { 26 string ip = Common.GetService("Teacher"); 27 Teacher model = Common.HttpGetObject<Teacher>($"http://{ip}/api/Default/GetModel?id=" + id); 28 return new 29 { 30 address = ip, 31 data = model 32 }; 33 } 34 } 35 }
appsettings.json加入:
"ConsulAddress": "http://127.0.0.1:8500"
4.用VS啟動站點,然後用postman訪問
“http://localhost:3336/api/Student/GetList”
“http://localhost:3336/api/Student/GetModel?id=003”
多次訪問“http://localhost:3336/api/Teacher/GetList”,則address會隨機切換,注意看返回的埠號
程式碼:https://files.cnblogs.com/files/shousiji/netcore_wfw.rar
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