2020年的UWP（2）——In Process App Service
最早的時候App Service被定義為一種後臺服務，類似於極簡版的Windows Service。App Service作為Background Task在宿主UWP APP中執行，向其他UWP APP提供服務，可用於UWP APP間通訊及交換資料。
早期的App Service應用場景較為單一，但隨著Win10 1607版本對In Process AppService的支援，以及從Visual Studio2017開始支援的Desktop Extension和MSIX Package等一系列技術的應用，如今的App Service可以用於UWP和非UWP程式間的直接通訊，達到無限接近傳統桌面程式的能力。我們今天就先來看一下In Process App Service。
class AppServiceHandler
{
private AppServiceConnection AppServiceConnection { get; set; }
private BackgroundTaskDeferral AppServiceDeferral { get; set; }
public event EventHandler<string> MessageReceivedEvent;
private static AppServiceHandler instance;
public static AppServiceHandler Instance
{
get
{
if (instance == null)
{
instance = new AppServiceHandler();
}
return instance;
}
}
private AppServiceHandler()
{
}
public void BackgroundActivated(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
{
AppServiceTriggerDetails appService = taskInstance.TriggerDetails as AppServiceTriggerDetails;
AppServiceDeferral = taskInstance.GetDeferral();
AppServiceConnection = appService.AppServiceConnection;
AppServiceConnection.RequestReceived += OnAppServiceRequestReceived;
AppServiceConnection.ServiceClosed += AppServiceConnection_ServiceClosed;
}
private void OnAppServiceRequestReceived(AppServiceConnection sender, AppServiceRequestReceivedEventArgs args)
{
AppServiceDeferral messageDeferral = args.GetDeferral();
var message = args.Request.Message;
string text = message["response"] as string;
MessageReceivedEvent?.Invoke(this, text);
messageDeferral.Complete();
}
private void AppServiceConnection_ServiceClosed(AppServiceConnection sender, AppServiceClosedEventArgs args)
{
AppServiceDeferral.Complete();
}
public async Task<AppServiceResponse> SendRequestAsync(string message)
{
var valueSet = new ValueSet();
valueSet.Add("request", message);
return await AppServiceConnection.SendMessageAsync(valueSet);
}
}這其中最重要的方法是
public void BackgroundActivated(IBackgroundTaskInstance taskInstance)
該方法將在App.xaml.cs通過
protected override void OnBackgroundActivated(BackgroundActivatedEventArgs args)
{
base.OnBackgroundActivated(args);
AppServiceHandler.Instance.BackgroundActivated(args.TaskInstance);
}將BackgroundTask的例項傳遞進來。再儲存這個Instance中AppService的AppServiceConnection物件。在取得AppServiceConnection物件後，即可以通過事件
public event TypedEventHandler<AppServiceConnection, AppServiceRequestReceivedEventArgs> RequestReceived;
來監聽訊息，同時又可以通過方法
public IAsyncOperation<AppServiceResponse> SendMessageAsync(ValueSet message);
來發送訊息。實現一個雙向的通訊過程。
僅通過程式碼也許難以想象要做的事情，不妨由介面來推匯出邏輯，下圖是UWP工程FrontUWPApp的介面，我們希望傳送文字訊息給非UWP工程BackgroundNetProcess。再由BackgroundNetProcess處理訊息後，主動經AppService推給FrontUWPApp。
首先我們在MainPage的OnNavigatedTo方法中通過desktop extension的方式，來啟動.NET Framework的Console程式BackgroundNetProcess（如果對UWP如何使用desktop extension不夠了解，請參考這篇《遷移桌面程式到MS Store（9）——APPX With Desktop Extension》）。同時給AppServiceHandler訂閱MessageReceivedEvent。
protected async override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)
{
base.OnNavigatedTo(e);
if (ApiInformation.IsApiContractPresent("Windows.ApplicationModel.FullTrustAppContract", 1, 0))
{
await FullTrustProcessLauncher.LaunchFullTrustProcessForCurrentAppAsync();
AppServiceHandler.Instance.MessageReceivedEvent += Instance_MessageReceivedEvent;
}
}
Instance_MesssageReceivedEvent就是簡單的把從BackgroundNetProcess中返回的訊息顯示在介面上。
private async void Instance_MessageReceivedEvent(object sender, string e)
{
await Dispatcher.RunAsync(Windows.UI.Core.CoreDispatcherPriority.Normal, () =>
{
textBoxResponses.Text += e + "\r\n";
});
}
同時MainPage上的Button按鈕會通過AppServiceHandler例項中儲存的AppServiceConnection物件來發送request給BackgroundNetProcess程序。
private async void Button_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
var response = await AppServiceHandler.Instance.SendRequestAsync(textBoxRequest.Text);
}
我們轉到BackgroundNetProcess工程，在Main方法中僅僅是建立類BackgroundProcess的例項，並且讓Console保持執行。
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var backgroundProcess = new BackgroundProcess();
Console.ReadKey();
}
而在BackgroundProcess類中，我們通過InitializeAsync方法來建立AppServiceConnection物件，在成功開啟Connection的情況下，訂閱ReqeustReceived事件。這是為了能接受到上文提到的，UWP APP傳送過來的request。
public class BackgroundProcess
{
private AppServiceConnection Connection { get; set; }
public Task InitializeTask { get; private set; }
public BackgroundProcess()
{
InitializeTask = InitializeAsync();
}
public async Task InitializeAsync()
{
Connection = new AppServiceConnection();
Connection.PackageFamilyName = Package.Current.Id.FamilyName;
Connection.AppServiceName = "NotificationAppService";
AppServiceConnectionStatus status = await Connection.OpenAsync();
if (status != AppServiceConnectionStatus.Success)
{
Console.WriteLine(status);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine(status);
Connection.RequestReceived += Connection_RequestReceived;
}
}
private async void Connection_RequestReceived(AppServiceConnection sender, AppServiceRequestReceivedEventArgs args)
{
var deferral = args.GetDeferral();
var content = args.Request.Message["request"];
var message = new ValueSet();
message.Add("response", $"Received request content: {content}");
await Connection.SendMessageAsync(message);
deferral.Complete();
}
}
這裡需要注意的是，Connection.AppServiceName需要和最終Package.appmanifest檔案中配置的ServiceName一致（appmanifest檔案的修改我們後面一點再介紹）。
在BackgroundProcess類中，一旦我們收到了UWP APP發來的request，就會觸發Connection_RequestReceived方法。在該方法裡，我們對收到的字串做了簡單處理，然後通過SendMessageAsync方法反向給UWP APP傳送訊息。
當然，並沒有規定收到request就一定要立即返回訊息。我們可以在BackgroundProcess這樣的desktop extension程序中，實現一些UWP限制的功能，諸如查詢登錄檔，啟動其他exe程式等等。甚至可以掛個鍵盤鉤子，在捕捉到熱鍵時，通知UWP APP。
前後端的FrontUWP和BackgroundNetProcess都介紹完了，接著就是通過Packaging工程將它們整合打包成MSIX package。
記得在Package工程的Applications中，新增對FrontUWPApp和BackgroundNetProcess的引用。同時設定FrontUWPApp為入口點。
最後我們來編輯Package工程的appxmanifest檔案，主要就是新增Extensions節點。
<Extensions>
<uap:Extension Category="windows.appService">
<uap:AppService Name="NotificationAppService" />
</uap:Extension>
<desktop:Extension Category="windows.fullTrustProcess" Executable="BackgroundNetProcess\BackgroundNetProcess.exe"></desktop:Extension>
</Extensions>
在完成以上操作之後，我們的AppServiceCommunicaton工程就編寫完畢了。在Visual Studio 2019中按F5執行的話，應該可以實現FrontUWPApp和BackgroundNetProcess之間的訊息傳遞了。
本篇的示例程式碼依然放在這個Repository中，Clone後通過VS開啟，找到InProcessAppService資料夾即可。
https://github.com/manupstairs/UWPSamples
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