一文吃透如何部署kubernetes高可用叢集
阿新 • • 發佈：2021-02-27
使用 k8s 官方提供的部署工具 kubeadm 自動安裝，需要在 master 和 node 節點上安裝 docker 等元件，然後初始化，把管理端的控制服務和 node 上的服務都以 pod 的方式執行。
kubernetes部署過程： 本次部署的叢集是v1.17.2 分為以下幾個步驟 1.基礎環境準備 2.在master 安裝指定版本的 kubeadm 、kubelet、kubectl、docker 3.在所有 node 節點安裝指定版本的 kubeadm 、kubelet、docker，在 node 節點 kubectl 為 可選安裝，看是否需要在 node 執行 kubectl 命令進行叢集管理及 pod 管理等操作。 4.master節點執行kubeadm init初始化命令 5.驗證master節點狀態 6.在 node 節點使用 kubeadm 命令將自己加入 k8s master(需要使用 master 生成 token 認 證) 7.驗證叢集狀態
#######centos系統必須要關閉firewalld和SELINUX！！！
1.機器準備
k8s-master 10.0.0.50 Ubuntu Server k8s-node1 10.0.0.51 Ubuntu Server
k8s-node2 10.0.0.52
harbor 10.0.0.111 #這裡的harbor主要為了方便上傳下載映象！！！
2.更改主機名 hostnamectl set-hostname K8s-master hostnamectl set-hostname K8s-node1 hostnamectl set-hostname K8s-node2
3.部署harbor ##部署habror的步驟省略，在上一篇有詳細說明
4.關閉swap分割槽 swapoff -a
5.調整核心引數，否則kubernetes叢集無法起來。 root@K8s-node2:~# vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
6.所有節點安裝docker #在阿里雲有詳細安裝docker。 驗證 docker 版本： root@K8s-node1:/# docker --version Docker version 19.03.8, build afacb8b7f0
7.配置docker的映象加速。
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/60450.html
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://b4budxxz.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
# sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart docker8.所有節點安裝 kubelet kubeadm kubectl #所有節點配置阿里雲倉庫地址並安裝相關元件，node 節點可選安裝 kubectl #https://developer.aliyun.com/mirror/kubernetes?spm=a2c6h.13651102.0.0.3e221b11JXALy6 阿里雲kubernetes映象地址 apt-get update && apt-get install -y apt-transport-https root@K8s-node2:/# cat <<EOF >/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list > deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/apt/ kubernetes-xenial main > EOF # root@K8s-master:~# apt-get update #安裝指定版本 kubeadm 檢視版本資訊 # apt-cache madison kubeadm root@K8s-master:~# apt install kubeadm=1.17.2-00 kubectl=1.17.2-00 kubelet=1.17.2-00 root@K8s-node1:/# apt install kubeadm=1.17.2-00 kubelet=1.17.2-00 root@K8s-master:~# systemctl start kubelet && systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl status kubelet
#驗證kubeadm版本
root@K8s-master:/# kubeadm version
kubeadm version: &version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"17", GitVersion:"v1.17.2", GitCommit:"59603c6e503c87169aea6106f57b9f242f64df89", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2020-0 1-18T23:27:49Z", GoVersion:"go1.13.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
9.準備k8s-master需要的映象 #檢視安裝指定K8s版本需要的映象有哪些 root@K8s-master:/# kubeadm config images list --kubernetes-version v1.17.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.17.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.17.2 k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.17.2 k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3-0 k8s.gcr.io/coredns:1.6.5 10.下載master需要的映象 root@K8s-master:~# vim images-download.sh #!bin/bash docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.17.2 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.17.2 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.17.2 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.17.2 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.1 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.3-0 docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:1.6.5 root@K8s-master:~# bash images-download.sh root@K8s-master:~# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE quay.io/coreos/flannel v0.12.0-amd64 4e9f801d2217 10 months ago 52.8MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.17.2 cba2a99699bd 12 months ago 116MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.17.2 da5fd66c4068 12 months ago 161MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.17.2 41ef50a5f06a 12 months ago 171MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.17.2 f52d4c527ef2 12 months ago 94.4MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns 1.6.5 70f311871ae1 14 months ago 41.6MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.4.3-0 303ce5db0e90 14 months ago 288MB registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.1 da86e6ba6ca1 3 years ago 742kB
11.master節點執行叢集初始化命令 kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.0.50 --apiserver-bind-port=6443 -- kubernetes-version=v1.17.2 --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.20.0.0/16 -- service-dns-domain=lengyuye --image-repository=registry.cnhangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --ignore-preflight-errors=swap
12.初始化結果
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 10.0.0.50:6443 --token 1gm82e.z91u96kh4cxes0o1 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8427c509f211eece6e720623628d8895ccaf63b8482f85daf79002aec988d682
13.建立kube-config配置檔案並且上傳網路元件。 root@K8s-master:~# mkdir -p $HOME/.kube root@K8s-master:~# sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config root@K8s-master:~# sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config root@K8s-master:~# kubectl get nodes
root@K8s-master:~# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
14.驗證k8s叢集狀態
root@K8s-master:/# kubectl get cs
NAME STATUS MESSAGE ERROR
controller-manager Healthy ok
scheduler Healthy ok
etcd-0 Healthy {"health":"true"}
15當前csr證書狀態
root@K8s-master:/# kubectl get csr
NAME AGE REQUESTOR CONDITION
csr-4s2pt 52m system:bootstrap:1gm82e Approved,Issued
csr-kkr64 84m system:node:k8s-master Approved,Issued
csr-km8fl 51m system:bootstrap:1gm82e Approved,Issued
16.k8s叢集新增node節點
kubeadm join 10.0.0.50:6443 --token 1gm82e.z91u96kh4cxes0o1 \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8427c509f211eece6e720623628d8895ccaf63b8482f85daf79002aec99bd682
17.驗證當前node節點狀態
root@K8s-master:/# kubectl get node
NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION
k8s-master Ready master 86m v1.17.2
k8s-node1 Ready <none> 54m v1.17.2
k8s-node2 Ready <none> 53m v1.17.2
## kubernetes叢集部署到這裡全部結束！！！希望對你能有所幫助