走進windows編程的世界-----消息處理函數（4）
一 右鍵菜單
1 右鍵菜單
當在窗體點擊鼠標右鍵時，彈出的菜單。
2 右鍵菜單的使用
2.1 創建菜單
CreatePopupMenu
2.2 菜單添加
AppendMenu
2.3 菜單的顯示、
BOOL TrackPopupMenu(
HMENU hMenu, //顯示的菜單句柄
UINT uFlags, //顯示的方式
int x, //菜單的X屏幕坐標
int y, //菜單的Y屏幕坐標
int nReserved, //保留,必須為0
HWND hWnd, //處理菜單命令的窗體句柄
CONST RECT *prcRect ); //忽略2.4 菜單的命令處理
WM_COMMAND
2.5 使用右鍵菜單的位置
2.5.1 WM_RBUTTONUP 消息
在WM_RBUTTONUP中,加入菜單的創建及顯示,
右鍵消息坐標,轉換成屏幕坐標使用.
ClientToScreen.
2.5.2 WM_CONTEXTMENU 消息
用於顯示右鍵的菜單的消息.
WPARAM - 右鍵擡起時相應窗體句柄
LPARAM - 右鍵擡起時鼠標的屏幕坐標位置
LOWORD(lParam) - X屏幕坐標
HIWORD(lParam) - Y屏幕坐標
2.5.3 WM_RBUTTONUP和WM_CONTEXTMENU對照
1) 坐標系不同, WM_RBUTTONUP客戶區坐標,WM_CONTEXTMENU屏幕坐標
2) 先有WM_RBUTTONUP消息,後有WM_CONTEXTMENU消息
/* File : winPopMenu.cpp
* Auth : sjin
* Date : 20140706
* Mail : [email protected]
*/
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
void OnRButtonUp( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{ // 創建彈出式菜單
HMENU hPopMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );
// 添加菜單項
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1001, "測試1");
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出");
// 獲取菜單位置
POINT point = { 0 };
point.x = LOWORD( lParam );
point.y = HIWORD( lParam );
ClientToScreen( hWnd, &point );
// 顯示菜單
TrackPopupMenu( hPopMenu, TPM_LEFTALIGN,
point.x, point.y, 0, hWnd, NULL );
}
void OnContextMenu( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{ // 創建彈出式菜單
HMENU hPopMenu = CreatePopupMenu( );
// 添加菜單項
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1001, "測試2");
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_SEPARATOR, 0, NULL );
AppendMenu( hPopMenu, MF_STRING, 1002, "退出");
// 坐標獲取
int nX = LOWORD( lParam );
int nY = HIWORD( lParam );
// 顯示菜單
TrackPopupMenu( hPopMenu, TPM_LEFTALIGN,
nX, nY, 0, hWnd, NULL );
// 刪除菜單
DestroyMenu( hPopMenu );
}
void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
int nCmdID = LOWORD( wParam );
switch( nCmdID )
{
case 1001:
MessageBox( NULL, "Hello Popmenu",
"PopMenu", MB_OK );
break;
case 1002:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
break;
}
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,
UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
case WM_RBUTTONUP:
//OnRButtonUp( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_CONTEXTMENU:
OnContextMenu( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_COMMAND:
OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce );
wce.cbClsExtra = 0;
wce.cbWndExtra = 0;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
wce.hCursor = NULL;
wce.hIcon = NULL;
wce.hIconSm = NULL;
wce.hInstance = g_hInst;
wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 == nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, "MyWnd",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
void Message( )
{
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
g_hInst = hInstance;
RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message( );
return 0;
}二、資源的使用
1 資源文件
圖標、光標、字符串、菜單、加速鍵和對話框資源,位圖資源等等。
資源腳本文件 - 擴展名為RC文件。
定義了資源和相關文件等等信息。
資源編譯器 - RC.exe
2 圖標資源ICON
2.1 經常使用的幾種大小: 16X16, 32X32,48X48
2.2 使用
HICON LoadIcon(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //應用程序的句柄
LPCTSTR lpIconName );//圖標的ID字符串
2.3 系統提供的圖標
hInstance為空, lpIconName為定義的系統圖標.
2.4 自己繪制的圖標
hInstance為圖標所在的應用程序的實例句柄
2.5 註意點：
一個圖標文件裏,能夠包括多種大小、顏色不同的圖標，系統使用圖標時，通過大小來匹配。假設未找到大小全然一致的，那麽會使用大小最接近的圖標格式替換。
3 光標資源
3.1 光標資源
熱點 Hotspot - 能夠產生鼠標點擊的位置
3.2 使用
HCURSOR LoadCursor(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //應用程序實例句柄
LPCTSTR lpCursorName); //光標的ID
3.3 系統的光標
hInstance為空，lpCursorName指定為系統的光標就可以獲得
3.4 自繪制的光標
hInstance不能為空。
3.5 WM_SETCURSOR消息
當鼠標在窗體內就會產生。
能夠在程序運行的過程中改動鼠標樣式。
wParam - 窗體句柄;
LOWORD(lParam) - 所在位置的標識
HIWORD(lParam) - 鼠標的消息ID
SetCursour 設置當前窗體的光標
/* File : winRes.cpp
* Auth : sjin
* Date : 20140710
* Mail : [email protected]
*/
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <WinUser.h>
#include "Resource.h"
HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam );
if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest )/*為了僅僅處理客戶區消息。須要添加這個設置*/
{
// return FALSE;
}
//獲得窗體的客戶區
RECT rcClient = { 0 };
GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient );
//獲得當前光標的位置
POINT ptPos = { 0 };
GetCursorPos( &ptPos );
ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos );
//依據位置載入光標
HCURSOR hCursor = NULL;
if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 )
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
/*HCURSOR LoadCursor(
* HINSTANCE hInstance, //應用程序實例句柄
* LPCTSTR lpCursorName); //光標的ID
* 系統光標: hInstance為NULL，lpCursorName：光標資源ID
* 自繪制光標：hInstance不能為NULL。lpCursorName：自繪光標資源ID
*/
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS );
}
}
else
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW );
}
}
// 設置光標
SetCursor( hCursor );
return TRUE;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,
UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
/*當鼠標在窗體內就會觸發這個消息。能夠再程序運行過程中改動光標的樣式*/
case WM_SETCURSOR:
if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ) )
{
/*設置光標屬性生效，必須返回*/
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
/*運行默認的光標屬性*/
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce );
wce.cbClsExtra = 0;
wce.cbWndExtra = 0;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
wce.hCursor = LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_POINTER) );
wce.hIcon = LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) );
wce.hIconSm = NULL;
wce.hInstance = g_hInst;
wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 == nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, "MyWnd",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
void Message( )
{
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
g_hInst = hInstance;
RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message( );
return 0;
}4 字符串資源4.1 包括字符串的資源
4.2 使用
int LoadString(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//程序句柄
UINT uID, //字符串資源的ID
LPTSTR lpBuffer, //存放字符串的BUFF
int nBufferMax ); //BUFF的大小
返回獲取字符串的長度
5 菜單資源
5.1 加入菜單資源
5.2 載入菜單資源
HMENU LoadMenu(
HINSTANCE hInstance, //應用程序句柄
LPCTSTR lpMenuName );//菜單ID字符串
返回載入成功的菜單的句柄
5.3 命令處理
使用加入的菜單ID的宏,在WM_COMMAND消息中,處理菜單命令.
6 加速鍵資源
6.1 加速鍵的作用
能夠使用加速鍵運行命令. 比如Ctrl+S存盤.
6.2 加速鍵資源的加入
6.3 加速鍵的使用
6.3.1 載入
HACCEL LoadAccelerators(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//資源所在的應用程序句柄
LPCTSTR lpTableName ); //加速鍵表的ID字符串
載入成功返回加速鍵表的句柄
6.3.2 添加消息處理
int TranslateAccelerator( HWND hWnd, //處理加速鍵的窗體句柄 HACCEL hAccTable, //加速鍵表 LPMSG lpMsg );//MSG結構的地址
6.4 關於加速鍵的消息
TranslateAccelerator的作用是將WM_KEYDOWN或者WM_SYSKEYDOWN消息,翻譯成WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息.
當收到KEYDOWN或者SYSKEYDOWN的消息時,會依據加速鍵表中按鍵和命令ID相應關系,找到相應的命令ID,然後調用窗體處理函數,運行WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息.
當找到相應命令ID並運行後，TranslateAccelerator返回非零。那麽就不再運行興許的處理，消息循環等候下一條消息。
否則，繼續讓消息循環中的TansnlateMessage和DispatchMessage處理。
/* File : winRes.cpp
* Auth : sjin
* Date : 20140710
* Mail : [email protected]
*/
#include <Windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <WinUser.h>
#include "Resource.h"
HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL;
BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam );
if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest )/*為了僅僅處理客戶區消息，須要添加這個設置*/
{
// return FALSE;
}
//獲得窗體的客戶區
RECT rcClient = { 0 };
GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient );
//獲得當前光標的位置
POINT ptPos = { 0 };
GetCursorPos( &ptPos );
ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos );
//依據位置載入光標
HCURSOR hCursor = NULL;
if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 )
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
/*HCURSOR LoadCursor(
* HINSTANCE hInstance, //應用程序實例句柄
* LPCTSTR lpCursorName); //光標的ID
* 系統光標: hInstance為NULL，lpCursorName：光標資源ID
* 自繪制光標：hInstance不能為NULL，lpCursorName：自繪光標資源ID
*/
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS );
}
}
else
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW );
}
}
// 設置光標
SetCursor( hCursor );
return TRUE;
}
void OnCommand(HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
/*ID 號*/
int nCmdID = LOWORD(wParam);
switch(nCmdID){
case ID_40001:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case ID_40002:
break;
default:
break;
}
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,
UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
/*當鼠標在窗體內就會觸發這個消息，能夠再程序運行過程中改動光標的樣式*/
case WM_SETCURSOR:
if( TRUE == OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ) )
{
/*設置光標屬性生效，必須返回*/
return 0;
}
break;
case WM_COMMAND:/*處理菜單的命令*/
OnCommand(hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
return 0;
}
/*運行默認的光標屬性*/
return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg,
wParam, lParam );
}
BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 };
wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce );
wce.cbClsExtra = 0;
wce.cbWndExtra = 0;
wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW);
wce.hCursor = LoadCursor( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_POINTER) );
wce.hIcon = LoadIcon( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN) );
wce.hIconSm = NULL;
wce.hInstance = g_hInst;
wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName;
wce.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW;
ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce );
if( 0 == nAtom )
{
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
/*載入字符串資源
* int LoadString(
* HINSTANCE hInstance,//程序句柄
* UINT uID, //字符串資源的ID
* LPTSTR lpBuffer, //存放字符串的BUFF
* int nBufferMax ); //BUFF的大小
* 返回獲取字符串的長度
* 用戶：在多語言支持中使用字符串資源。
*/
char buf[256] = {‘\0‘};
LoadString(g_hInst,IDS_MAIN,buf,256);
/*載入菜單資源
* HMENU LoadMenu(
* HINSTANCE hInstance, //應用程序句柄
* LPCTSTR lpMenuName );//菜單ID字符串
*
* 返回載入成功的菜單的句柄
*/
HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu(g_hInst,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAIN));
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, /*"MyWnd"*/buf,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd )
{
ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW );
UpdateWindow( hWnd );
}
void Message(HWND hWnd )
{
/*載入加速鍵表
*
*/
HACCEL hAccel = LoadAccelerators(g_hInst,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_ACCEL));
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{
/*添加加速鍵的消息處理*/
if(!TranslateAccelerator(hWnd,hAccel,&msg)){
TranslateMessage( &msg );
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
}
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
g_hInst = hInstance;
RegisterWnd( "MYWND" );
HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" );
DisplayWnd( hWnd );
Message(hWnd );
return 0;
}
走進windows編程的世界-----消息處理函數（4）