#！/usr/bin/python3
#字典---增刪改查

#穿件一個字典info
>>> info = {
...     ‘student01‘:‘TenLan Wu‘,
...     ‘student02‘:‘LongZe Luola‘,
...     ‘student03‘:‘XiaoZe Maliya‘
... 
... }
 #字典查詢                         
>>> info                
{‘student03‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘, ‘student01‘: ‘TenLan Wu‘, ‘student02
 
‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘}
>>> info[‘student01‘]        #查詢關鍵字student01對應的值，key不存在報錯
‘TenLan Wu‘
>>> info.get(‘student01‘)    #詢關鍵字student01對應的值，key不存在返回None
‘TenLan Wu‘
>>> info.get(‘student05‘)
>>> print (info.get(‘stu‘))
None
>>> info.values()            #查詢字典所有的值
dict_values([‘
 
XiaoZe Maliya‘, ‘TenLan Wu‘, ‘LongZe Luola‘])
>>> info.keys()                #查詢字典所有的關鍵字
dict_keys([‘student03‘, ‘student01‘, ‘student02‘])
>>> ‘student01‘ in info        #字典info是否存在關鍵字student01
True
>>> ‘student05‘ in info
False
#修改
>>> info[‘student01‘] = ‘Tomas‘    
#
 
增加
>>> info[‘student01‘]
‘Tomas‘
>>> info[‘student04‘] = ‘new student‘
>>> info
{‘student03‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘, ‘student01‘: ‘Tomas‘, ‘student02‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘student04‘: ‘new student‘}
>>> info.setdefault(‘student01‘,‘default_name‘)        #key(student01)存在，不做操作，不存在就添加
‘Tomas‘
>>> info.setdefault(‘student06‘,‘default_name‘)
‘default_name‘
>>> info
{‘student06‘: ‘default_name‘, ‘student03‘: ‘XiaoZe Maliya‘, ‘student01‘: ‘Tomas‘, ‘student02‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘student04‘: ‘new student‘}
>>> 
#刪除
>>> del info[‘student04‘]
>>> info[‘student04‘]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: ‘student04‘

>>> info.pop(‘student03‘)
‘XiaoZe Maliya‘
>>> info[‘student03‘]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: ‘student03‘
>>> info.popitem()            #隨機刪除一組key，value
(‘student01‘, ‘Tomas‘)
>>> 
>>> print (info.get(‘stu‘))
None

##
>>> info
{‘student02‘: ‘LongZe Luola‘, ‘student04‘: ‘new student‘}
>>> b = {‘student01‘:‘new_student1‘,‘student02‘:‘TangSheng‘}
>>> info.update(b)        #用b去更新info，key相同則不該，key不同添加
>>> info
{‘student04‘: ‘new student‘, ‘student01‘: ‘new_student1‘, ‘student02‘: ‘TangSheng‘}
>>> 
>>> 
>>> dic = dict.fromkeys([6,7,8],‘test‘)        #初始化一個字典，三個keyy(6,7,8),value位test，
>>> dic
{8: ‘test‘, 6: ‘test‘, 7: ‘test‘}
>>> dic2 = dict.fromkeys([6,7,8],[1,{‘name‘:‘tangsheng‘},444])
>>> dic2
{8: [1, {‘name‘: ‘tangsheng‘}, 444], 6: [1, {‘name‘: ‘tangsheng‘}, 444], 7: [1, {‘name‘: ‘tangsheng‘}, 444]}
>>> dic2[7][1][‘name‘]        #多級字典
‘tangsheng‘
>>> 
>>> info.items()    #字典轉化成列表
dict_items([(‘student04‘, ‘new student‘), (‘student01‘, ‘new_student1‘), (‘student02‘, ‘TangSheng‘)])
>>> print (info.items())
dict_items([(‘student04‘, ‘new student‘), (‘student01‘, ‘new_student1‘), (‘student02‘, ‘TangSheng‘)])
>>> 
##循環字典

>>> for i in info :
...     print (i)
... 
student04
student01
student02
>>> for i in info:
...     print (i,info[i])
... 
student04 new student
student01 new_student1
student02 TangSheng
>>> for k,v in info.items():
...     print (k,v)
... 
student04 new student
student01 new_student1
student02 TangSheng
>>> 

#多級字典
>>> multi_dic = {
...     ‘湖北省‘:{
...         ‘武漢市‘:[‘武昌‘,‘漢口‘,‘漢陽‘],
...         ‘荊州市‘:[‘監利‘,‘朱河‘,‘沙市‘],
...         ‘宜昌‘:[‘三遊動‘,‘三峽大壩‘,‘清江畫廊‘]
...     },
...     ‘湖南省‘:{
...         ‘長沙市‘:[‘橘子洲‘,‘愛晚亭‘,‘長沙晚報‘],
...         ‘嶽陽市‘:[‘嶽陽樓‘,‘洞庭湖‘,‘沙丘‘],
...         ‘株洲市‘:[‘炎帝廣場‘,‘神龍公園‘,‘石峰公園‘]
... 
...     },
...     ‘河南省‘:{
...         ‘鄭州市‘:[‘嵩山‘,‘博物院‘,‘二七紀念塔‘],
...         ‘洛陽市‘:[‘龍門石窟‘,‘白馬寺‘,‘麗景門‘],
...         ‘開封市‘:[‘開封府‘,‘特塔公園‘,‘清明上河圖‘]
... 
...     }
... 
... }
>>> 
>>> 
>>> multi_dic
{‘湖北省‘: {‘荊州市‘: [‘監利‘, ‘朱河‘, ‘沙市‘], ‘武漢市‘: [‘武昌‘, ‘漢口‘, ‘漢陽‘], 
‘宜昌‘: [‘三遊動‘, ‘三峽大壩‘, ‘清江畫廊‘]}, 
‘河南省‘: {‘洛陽市‘: [‘龍門石窟‘, ‘白馬寺‘, ‘麗景門‘], 
‘開封市‘: [‘開封府‘, ‘特塔公園‘, ‘清明上河圖‘], 
‘鄭州市‘: [‘嵩山‘, ‘博物院‘, ‘二七紀念塔‘]}, 
‘湖南省‘: {‘長沙市‘: [‘橘子洲‘, ‘愛晚亭‘, ‘長沙晚報‘], 
‘株洲市‘: [‘炎帝廣場‘, ‘神龍公園‘, ‘石峰公園‘], ‘嶽陽市‘: [‘嶽陽樓‘, ‘洞庭湖‘, ‘沙丘‘]}}
>>> multi_dic[‘湖北省‘][‘武漢市‘][1]
‘漢口‘
>>> multi_dic[‘湖北省‘][‘武漢市‘][1] += ‘,廣埠屯‘
>>> multi_dic[‘湖北省‘][‘武漢市‘][1]
‘漢口,廣埠屯‘
>>> multi_dic
{‘湖北省‘: {‘荊州市‘: [‘監利‘, ‘朱河‘, ‘沙市‘], 
‘武漢市‘: [‘武昌‘, ‘漢口,廣埠屯‘, ‘漢陽‘], 
‘宜昌‘: [‘三遊動‘, ‘三峽大壩‘, ‘清江畫廊‘]},
 ‘河南省‘: {‘洛陽市‘: [‘龍門石窟‘, ‘白馬寺‘, ‘麗景門‘],
 ‘開封市‘: [‘開封府‘, ‘特塔公園‘, ‘清明上河圖‘], 
 ‘鄭州市‘: [‘嵩山‘, ‘博物院‘, ‘二七紀念塔‘]}, 
 ‘湖南省‘: {‘長沙市‘: [‘橘子洲‘, ‘愛晚亭‘, ‘長沙晚報‘],
 ‘株洲市‘: [‘炎帝廣場‘, ‘神龍公園‘, ‘石峰公園‘], ‘嶽陽市‘: [‘嶽陽樓‘, ‘洞庭湖‘, ‘沙丘‘]}}
>>> 

#集合set

>>> list_1 = [1,2,3,4,6,7,6,8,7,9]
>>> set_1 = set(list_1)            #列表轉化成集合
>>> set_1
{1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9}
>>> set_2 = set([2,3,4,5,10,22,43,])    #創建集合set_2
>>> set_1,set_2
({1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9}, {2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 43, 22})
>>> set_1.intersection(set_2)            #交集
{2, 3, 4}
>>> set_1.union(set_2)                    #並集
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 43, 22}
>>> set_1.difference(set_2)                #差集 ,in set_1 but  no in set_2
{8, 1, 9, 6, 7}
>>> set_3 = set([1,2,6])
>>> set_3.issubset(set_1)                #set_3 是否set_1的子集
True
>>> set_1.issuperset(set_3)                #set_1 是否set-3 的父集
True
>>> set_1.symmetric_difference(set_2)    #對稱差集，合並set_1和set_2，並去掉去掉相同的元素
{1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, 43}
>>> set_1.isdisjoint(set_2)                #set_1和 set_2有交集返回False，沒有返回True
False
>>> set_1 & set_2         #交集
{2, 3, 4}
>>> set_1 | set_2         #並集
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 43, 22}
>>> set_1 - set_2         #差集
{8, 1, 9, 6, 7}
>>> set_1 ^ set_2         #對稱差集
{1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, 43}
#增
>>> set_1.add(999)        #添加一個元素
>>> set_1
{1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 999}
>>> set_1.update([9999,99999,9999999])        #添加多個元素
>>> set_1
{1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 999, 9999, 9999999, 99999}
>>> set_1.remove(2)            #刪除一個元素，如果該元素不存在，就報錯
>>> set_1.remove(1)
>>> set_1.remove(0)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: 0
>>> len(set_1)                #集合的長度
10
>>> ‘2‘ in set_1           #元素’2‘是否在集合set_1中
False
>>> ‘22‘ not in set_1
True
>>> set_1.pop()            #隨機刪除集合中的一個元素
3
>>> set_1.discard (2)    #刪除集合元素2，如果不存在do noting
>>> set_1.discard (4)
>>> set_1
{6, 7, 8, 9, 999, 9999, 9999999, 99999}
>>> set_1.discard (6)
>>> set_1.discard (55)

python路4—字典、集合