“科技論文寫作與學術報告”本門課有4個lecture，分別講述“如何用英語撰寫科技論文”，“如何用英文做報告”，“如何參加國際會議”，“如何選題和寫項目申請書”，對此我針對前兩個lecture以及第4個lecture的“如何選題”部分做了簡單的筆記記錄。

( /微笑 ) 對於lecure3的如何參加國際會議，如何做好reviewer, editor, session chair等等, 以及lecture4的寫項目申請書，感覺這些暫時用不到（逃

1.1 一般性的說明和建議（General Instructions and Advices）

科學態度 （Scientific attitude）:

邏輯 （Logics）: logical presentation, language flow

結構化和清晰（Structure and Clarity）

明白你的讀者想要什麽（ Know your readers who want to）

Abstract: know the result of the paper to determine to read on

Introduction: know intuitively the key ideas behind this paper, how it is derived, whate are the significance and implications

whole paper: know all the details

用英文和中文寫論文有所不同（Diiferences between writing papers in English and Chinese）

文化差異（Cultural）

modesty in Chinese, confidence in Englisth

delivery menas how much the readers can understand you

Chinese believe that it‘s the responsibility of the readers, however, the "responsibility of delivery" is usually on the writer‘s side.

語言差異: 直接翻譯通常是不行的（Language: Direction transloations often do not work）

博士後流動站 Postdoctoral program rather than post-doctor mobile station

抓緊時間完成 make every effort to finish rather than take my time to finish

第一教學樓 Lecture Hall One or Lecure Building One rather than No.1 teaching building

投訴電話 phone number for complaining rather than law suit phone number

客觀的介紹事實，理論，證明，實驗，測試（Present facts, theories, proof, experiments, testing objectively）

avoid unnecessary political, religious, emotional, comments

avoid bias and discrimination related to race, gender, age, etc.

sensitive to the comments possibly explained as against the current social ethnics( 倫理 ) and convention

1.2 論文的內容（Content of A Research Paper）

標題（Title）

Best representation of the paper: contributions and unique features and so on

不要用句子，不要用動詞（Generally not a sentence, we don‘t have to use verb）

Importance of right word order

不要用多余的詞 No waste of words. ( we don‘t have to say study on sth, investigation on sth, because every scientific paper is study on sth )

摘要（Abstract）

Summary in a few hundreds of words

Very important to attract readers

介紹（Introduction）

Motivations and problem descriptions

Academic and/or industrial impact of the problem

Literature reviews( 文獻綜述 )

Show the state of art（目前的技術現狀）

Cite references available to general public

Avoid offensive remarks

Use the most recent results

Do ont cite too many "home-made" references

Summary of the major contributions of the paper

Organization of the paper( optional )

問題描述與構想( Problem Descriptions or Formulation )

可能包含系統配置和實驗環境等等（System configuration, environment, etc）

所有變量，符號等等對應的記號的定義（Definations of all notation for variables, symbols, etc）

數學模型和公式化（Mathematical models and formulations）

方法（Methodology: make readers understand what are the contributions of the paper ）

解決問題的主要思路（Main ideas to solve the problem ）

解決問題的原理和依據（Theorems and proofs ）

方法或者算法的描述（Descriptions of the approach or algorithm ）

表現分析（Performance analysis if you have )

獨有的特點（Unique features of the method）

應用，實驗或者測試得到的結果（Results of applications, experiment or testing）

實驗環境的描述（Description of the practical or experiment system）

數據以及相關系統的描述（Description of the data and the associated system）

計算系統的描述（Description of the computer system）

結果的展示（Presentation of the results: tables, figures, etc）

成果應用和有益之處（Applications and benefits）

結論（Conclusion）

Summary of your findings ( not a repeat of abstract )

Concluding remarks ( what can we conclude based on the findings and results we get )

感謝（Acknowledgment）

感謝提供經費的贊助方（Acknowledge funding agencies）

感謝個人（Thank individuals ）

參考文獻（Reference）

List references in appropriate format （要符合期刊的要求，比如作者名字的寫法，看這個期刊之前發表的論文； Sometimes we think that format is not important but actually here it is very important ）

Have recent reference if possible （the readers may wonder what are the most recent developments of problem )

Give complete information ( 給出充足的信息，如果作者有五個，列出所有，不要只列第一作者et al. )

List appropriate numbers of references (列出適當數量的references，比如你的論文只有6頁，卻列出了3頁的reference)

Do not list anything that is not referred to

Do not list too many home made references 不要列太多自己的論文

1.3 投稿論文的過程（The Procedure to Submit A paper）

Submit abstract ( required only some conferences )

Submit manuscript

Modify based on reviewers‘ comments ( possibly several rounds 可能要來回幾個回合)

Submit final electronic copy

Proof reading( 校對 )

After publisher decied to publish, they sent you your proof ( 清樣，校樣)

For 48 hours to check your proof, do the proof reading( 校對 ), and return it promptly( 迅速地 )

建議（Advices ）

A large number of papers from Chinese authors are rejected simply because the papers are not well written.

A strong basis for rejecting a paper: " the paper is poorly written; there are many spelling and grammatical errors. I have to guess what the authors mean, and therefore it is difficult to judge the contribution of the paper."

不要直譯 Avoid direct translation

Write simple sentences with present tense( 現在時 )

Use spelling（拼寫） check to make sure that all words spelled correctly

檢查語法（Use grammar check to find out inconsistency）

Pay particular attention to the spellings of the names in references( if it‘s wrong, the reviewer may think you are sloppy 草率的 of the author )

全文保持各種一致 Professionalism in writing( keep consistency in presentation throughout )

格式一致 consistency in format: font size, space, paragraph, etc

標點一致 consistency in punctuations

方程式的格式一致 consistency in equations

參考文獻的格式一致 consistency in references

...

不要太多的符號和方程式 Balance in using mathematical symbols and equations -> only serve as shorthand( do not use too many equations )

1.4 評審的過程和回復（Review Process and Response）

評審過程（Reviewing Procedure）

Anonymous peer review system( 匿名的審查體系 )

Frank( 坦白的 ), brutal( 殘忍的 ), sarcastic( 譏諷的 ), or even occasionally wrong criticisms

被要求修改甚至拒絕不代表什麽，評審就是這樣，請保持良好的心態（Request for revision or even rejection doesn‘t mean personal attack, "losing face" or "discrimination". That‘s the style of this scientific paper review process. ）

你可以會收到批判性的意見，這很正確，不要詫異（If you receive a critical comment on your manuscript, it is very normal and do not be surprised）

關於如何回復審稿人的建議（Advice in Responding to Reviewers）

仔細檢查每一個評審意見（Examine carefully all the comments made by the reviewers and by the Associate Editor）

搞清楚哪些是必須修改的，哪些是希望你修改的（Differentiate those comments that must be fullly addressed from those that are desirable to be addressed 解決 .)

盡力修改必須修改的部分，在能力範圍內斟酌一下希望修改的部分能不能修改（Try to fully address the former and discuss the latter within your capability）

回復審稿人的每一條意見（Respond to each and every point raised by the reviewer / referee 審閱人，裁判員 )

把問題和回復放在一起（If possible, respond side by side( 並排 ) with the original points raised）

If you must disagree with the reviewer on some point, do it professionally with no rancor( 怨恨 ) or sarcasm( 譏諷 )

A cover letter to the corresponding editor that you have responded to each of the referees in detail and that your revised paper now merits( 值得，長處) re-consideration and re-review

對著每一條意見回復並且說明你是如何修改的（Separate and detailed point-by-point response to every one of the referee‘s comments and show HOW YOU REVISE THE TEXT）

不要只解釋不修改（A long list of explanations to the reviewers but no revision on the text is not acceptable）

Never argue with reviewers and editor

明白什麽時候該放棄（Know when to give up for a particular paper）

沒必要認同所有的意見（You don‘t have to agree everything, If you think this comment is wrong, say in the revised version, this and this are more clarified. We clarify that this is ...We clarify means you may sound like doing that because we didn‘t present it very clearly. )

1.5 總結（Summary）

寫論文很重要（Writing papers in English is extremely important for Chinese scholars to play a role in world arena 舞臺，競技場 )

理解文化差異很重要（Understanding cultural difference in presentation is crucial.）

實踐是檢驗真理的唯一標準（Practice is the only way to achieve the above goal.）

“科技論文寫作與學術報告”課程筆記1-如何用英語撰寫科技論文