當前市面上大部分的雲服務器產品，在購買Linux服務器並啟動後，通常只幫我們掛載了系統盤到/目錄。我們所購買的數據盤並沒有幫我們掛載到系統。查看內存配置，一般swap也為0。

這裏我們可以利用購買的數據盤來創建swap分區與數據分區，並將他們掛載到系統中去。

操作

1，查看當前的磁盤，如下，/dev/vda為系統盤，/dev/vdb為數據盤：

# fdisk -l 
Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008e9bc
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/vda2         2099200   104857566    51379183+  83  Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 429.5 GB, 429496729600 bytes, 838860800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

2，對/dev/vdb進行分區操作，分割16G空間做swap，剩余空間做數據盤。

# fdisk /dev/vdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb07be21f.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-838860799, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-838860799, default 838860799): +16G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 16 GiB is set
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (33556480-838860799, default 33556480): 
Using default value 33556480
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (33556480-838860799, default 838860799): 
Using default value 838860799
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 384 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0008e9bc

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/vda2         2099200   104857566    51379183+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 429.5 GB, 429496729600 bytes, 838860800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x53b4d701

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vdb1            2048    33556479    16777216   83  Linux
/dev/vdb2        33556480   838860799   402652160   83  Linux

可以看到創建了2個分區/dev/vdb1,/dev/vdb2。

3,創建swap分區，並啟用：

# mkswap /dev/vdb1
# swapon /dev/vdb1

4,把/dev/vdb2格式化，並掛載到/data目錄下：(這裏格式成xfs文件系統)

# mkdir -p /data
# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb2
# mount /dev/vdb2 /data

5，檢查是否生效：

# df -kh
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/vda2        49G  1.7G   45G   4% /
devtmpfs        7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs           7.8G   25M  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs           7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1       976M  146M  764M  16% /boot
tmpfs           1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
/dev/vdb2       384G   33M  384G   1% /data
# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:          15885         393       14628          24         863       15158

6，把磁盤掛載信息寫進fstab，使之開啟自動掛載：

# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/vdb1                                swap                     swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/vdb2                                  /data                  xfs     defaults       0 0

雲主機初始化swap與數據盤