1、準備操作系統

註：建議安裝oracle數據庫使用oracle linux操作系統，本實例以oracle linux 6.8做為操作系統。

#關閉iptables

chkconfig iptables off

#關閉selinux

vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux

SELINUX=disabled

#將主機名添加到hosts文件

vim /etc/hosts

188.188.1.120 oracledb

#重啟服務器

reboot

2、初始化操作系統，執行以下腳本

#用戶初始化腳本preusers.sh

註：grid用戶的ORACLE_SID必須為+ASM，ORACLE_HOSTNAME、ORACLE_SID、ORACLE_UNQNAME做相應的更改

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Create 6 groups named 'oinstall','dba','asmadmin','asmdba','asmoper','oper', plus 2 users named 'oracle','grid'.

#Also setting the Environment

#variable for oracle user.

#variable for grid user.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./1preusers.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now create 6 groups named 'oinstall','dba','asmadmin','asmdba','asmoper','oper'"

echo "Plus 2 users named 'oracle','grid',Also setting the Environment"

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall

groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin

groupadd -g 1201 asmdba

groupadd -g 1202 asmoper

useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash -c "grid Infrastructure Owner" grid

echo "grid" | passwd --stdin grid

#echo 'export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> "'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_SID=+ASM">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo 'export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib'>> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/grid/.bash_profile

echo "umask 022">> /home/grid/.bash_profile

groupadd -g 1300 dba

groupadd -g 1301 oper

useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash -c "Oracle Software Owner" oracle

echo "oracle" | passwd --stdin oracle

#echo 'export PS1="`/bin/hostname -s`-> "'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export TMP=/tmp">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export TMPDIR=$TMP'>>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_SID=bbdg">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_UNQNAME=bbdg">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin' >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export ORACLE_TERM=xterm">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo 'export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib'>> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export EDITOR=vi" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss'" >> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "umask 022">> /home/oracle/.bash_profile

echo "The Groups and users has been created"

echo "The Environment for grid,oracle also has been set successfully"

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#創建目錄腳本predir.sh

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Create the necessary directory for oracle,grid users and change the authention to oracle,grid users.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./2predir.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now create the necessary directory for oracle,grid users and change the authention to oracle,grid users..."

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/11.2.0

chmod -R 775 /u01

echo "The necessary directory for oracle,grid users and change the authention to oracle,grid users has been finished"

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#修改limits腳本prelimits.sh

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Change the /etc/security/limits.conf.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./3prelimits.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now modify the /etc/security/limits.conf,but backup it named /etc/security/limits.conf.bak before"

cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.bak

echo "oracle soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid soft nproc 2047" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "grid hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.conf

echo "Modifing the /etc/security/limits.conf has been succeed."

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#修改login腳本prelogin.sh

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Modify the /etc/pam.d/login.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./4prelimits.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now modify the /etc/pam.d/login,but with a backup named /etc/pam.d/login.bak"

cp /etc/pam.d/login /etc/pam.d/login.bak

echo "session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login

echo "session required pam_limits.so" >>/etc/pam.d/login

echo "Modifing the /etc/pam.d/login has been succeed."

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#修改profile腳本preprofile.sh

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Modify the /etc/profile.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./5preprofile.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now modify the /etc/profile,but with a backup named /etc/profile.bak"

cp /etc/profile /etc/profile.bak

echo 'if [ $USER = "oracle" ]||[ $USER = "grid" ]; then' >> /etc/profile

echo 'if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then' >> /etc/profile

echo 'ulimit -p 16384' >> /etc/profile

echo 'ulimit -n 65536' >> /etc/profile

echo 'else' >> /etc/profile

echo 'ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536' >> /etc/profile

echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile

echo 'fi' >> /etc/profile

echo "Modifing the /etc/profile has been succeed."

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#修改內核參數腳本presysctl.sh

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#!/bin/bash

#Purpose:Modify the /etc/sysctl.conf.

#Usage:Log on as the superuser('root'),and then execute the command:#./6presysctl.sh

#Author:Asher Huang

echo "Now modify the /etc/sysctl.conf,but with a backup named /etc/sysctl.bak"

cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.bak

echo "fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmall = 2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmmax = 1054472192" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.rmem_max = 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_default = 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.core.wmem_max = 1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4194304 4194304 4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

echo "Modifing the /etc/sysctl.conf has been succeed."

echo "Now make the changes take effect....."

sysctl -p

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3、配置ASM磁盤組

註：由於oracle rac使用了asm存儲數據文件，單實例數據庫也使用asm存儲數據庫文件，磁盤組需要與RAC磁盤組一致，方便還原

#磁盤分區

fdisk /dev/sd*

n-p-1-w

#安裝asm

yum install -y kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-13.el6_8.x86_64.rpm oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

#創建asm磁盤

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# oracleasm status

# oracleasm configure -i

Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library

driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is

loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values

will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an

answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface []: grid

Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin

Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y

Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y

Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done

# oracleasm init

# oracleasm configure

# oracleasm listdisks

# oracleasm createdisk VOL1 /dev/sdb1

# oracleasm querydisk /dev/sd*

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4、安裝必備rpm

yum install -y binutils elfutils-libelf glibc compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 libgcc unixODBC glibc.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++ libaio-devel libstdc++-devel unixODBC-devel pdksh xorg-x11-* compat-libcap1 ksh-20100621

5、安裝grid

註：新打開一個未登錄xshell窗口，使用grid賬戶登錄，如果直接從root切換到grid賬戶,則xshell無法打開安裝grid圖像化界面

ssh [email protected]

cd grid/

./runInstaller

#創建和rac數據庫一樣的磁盤組

asmca

#修改u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle

註：如果不修改權限則無法向asm寫入文件

chown oracle.asmadmin /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle

chmod 6555 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle

6、安裝oracle，只需安裝軟件，不創建數據庫

註：新打開一個未登錄xshell窗口，使用oracle賬戶登錄，如果直接從root切換到oracle賬戶,則xshell無法打開安裝oracle圖像化界面

ssh [email protected]

cd database/

./runInstaller

二、準備數據庫RMAN備份

註：先備份數據庫和歸檔日誌，再備份控制文件，因為rman備份信息存儲在控制文件中

#執行RMAN備份

su - grid

rman target /

backup as compressed backupset database format '/tmp/backup/Full_%U.bak';

backup as compressed backupset archivelog all format '/tmp/backup/ARC_%U.bak';

backup device type disk format '/tmp/backup/standby_%U.ctl' current controlfile;

#生成初始化參數文件

su - oracle

sqlplus / as sysdba

create pfile='/tmp/backup/initbbdg.ora' from spfile;

#拷貝密碼文件

/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwbbdg1 /tmp/backup

#將備份傳到oracle單實例數據庫

註：備份文件傳到的目錄必須rman備份的目錄一致，且目錄/tmp/backup及裏面的文件必須屬於oracle.oinstall，否則無法還原

scp -r /tmp/backup [email protected]:/tmp

三、還原數據庫

1、創建密碼文件

su - oracle

cp /tmp/backup/orapwbbdg1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwbbdg

2、創建初始化參數文件

cp /tmp/backup /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbbdg.ora

vim /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbbdg.ora

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bbdg.__db_cache_size=255852544

bbdg.__java_pool_size=4194304

bbdg.__large_pool_size=4194304

bbdg.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

bbdg.__pga_aggregate_target=419430400

bbdg.__sga_target=423624704

bbdg.__shared_io_pool_size=0

bbdg.__shared_pool_size=146800640

bbdg.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/bbdg/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.cluster_database=false

*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'

*.control_files='+data_vg/bbdg/controlfile/cont.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/bbdg/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_create_file_dest='+data_vg'

*.db_domain=''

*.db_file_name_convert='+data_vg/bbsvr/','+data_vg/bbdg/'

*.db_name='bbsvr'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA_VG'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032

*.db_unique_name='bbdg'

*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=bbdgXDB)'

*.fal_client='bbdg'

*.fal_server='bbsvri1'

#*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(bbsvr,bbdg)'

#*.log_archive_dest_1='location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=bbdg'

#*.log_archive_dest_2='service=bbsvr valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=bbsvri1'

*.log_archive_format='ARC_%t_%S_%r.arc'

*.log_file_name_convert='+data_vg/bbsvr/','+data_vg/bbdg/'

*.memory_target=842006528

*.open_cursors=300

*.processes=150

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

*.service_names='bbdg'

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.thread=1

*.undo_management='auto'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

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3、還原控制文件和數據庫

su - oracle

rman target /

startup nomount;

restore standby controlfile from '/tmp/backup/standby_%U.ctl';

alter database mount;

restore database;

alter database open;

通過RMAN將Oracle 11g R2 RAC數據遷移到單實例數據庫