Linux下Tomcat的安裝部署
一、 linux下安裝JDK1.6
JDK(Java Development Kit)是Sun Microsystems針對Java開發員的產品。自從Java推出以來，JDK已經成為使用最廣泛的Java SDK。JDK 是整個Java的核心，包括了Java執行環境，Java工具和Java基礎的類庫。下面我們就來學習如何在CentOS系統下安裝 JDK。
1. CentOS系統建立安裝目錄

mkdir /usr/java

下載（oracle官網下載，需要登入認證，無法直接下載，直接網站上下載上傳）
先去 www.oracle.com 網站尋找到最新jdk1.6(JDK 6 Update 30)的下載地址:

http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/6u30-b12/jdk-6u30-linux-i586-rpm.bin
在當前目錄下(/usr/java)執行:
wget http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/6u30-b12/jdk-6u30-linux-i586-rpm.bin
可以喝杯水,慢慢等待……
在CentOS系統中安裝
下載完成之後執行命令,即可擁有對 .bin檔案的執行許可權
chmod 777 *.bin
然後輸入:
./*.bin
安裝jdk時會顯示出JDK的安裝許可協議，按空格翻頁，最後程式會問你是不是同意上面的協議，當然同意啦，輸入“yes”之後開始解壓JDK到當前目錄。此時螢幕上會顯示解壓的進度。
解壓完成後 /usr/java目錄下會新建一個名為“jdk**”的目錄，至此我們已經在CentOS系統下安裝好了JDK。
如果是*.i586.bin的話

chmod a+x *-i586.bin

./*-i586.bin

配置
安裝後之後需要配置環境變數。
vi /etc/profile
在最後加入以下幾行：
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_30
export CLASSPATH=.: $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/rt.jar:$ JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar: $JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar export PATH=$

PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
注意，需要把jdk名字修改成您所下載的JDK當前版本。
設定好JDK，輸入 reboot 命令重啟即可。
刪除/解除安裝
用 rm -rf jdk1.6.0_30 命令即可刪除JDK，切記需要把配置檔案的相關內容清空。
這樣就可以在CentOS系統下安裝 JDK了。

二、 Linux下安裝Tomcat
1．下載安裝tomcat（http://tomcat.apache.org/）
[[email protected] ~]# unzip apache-tomcat-6.0.30.zip
[[email protected] ~]# mv apache-tomcat-6.0.30/ /usr/local/
[[email protected] ~]cd /usr/local/
[[email protected] local]# ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.30/ /usr/local/tomcat
[[email protected] local]# cd tomcat/bin/
[[email protected] bin]#ls
[[email protected] bin]#vim catalina.sh
新增以下內容：
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.30/
[[email protected] local]#chmod +x *.sh
2．啟動tomcat伺服器
[[email protected] tomcat]# /usr/local/tomcat /bin/catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.30/
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.30/
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.30//temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_05
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.30//bin/bootstrap.jar
[[email protected] logs]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/logs/
[[email protected] logs]# tail -f catalina.out
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:289)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:414)
Jul 4, 2011 11:06:57 AM org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol pause
INFO: Pausing Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
Jul 4, 2011 11:06:58 AM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService stop
INFO: Stopping service Catalina
Jul 4, 2011 11:06:58 AM org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol destroy
INFO: Stopping Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
3．在瀏覽器中輸入
http://localhost:8080/（如果不是本機，則輸入對應的ip地址）
測試出現tomcat頁面則測試成功
ps：需要說明的是tomcat的預設測試頁面是放在webapps下面，這個其實是在server.xml檔案中配置的，如下所示：

!/bin/sh

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with

this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

(the “License”); you may not use this file except in compliance with

the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an “AS IS” BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

—————————————————————————–

Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server

Environment Variable Prerequisites

CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina “build” directory.

CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions

of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to

the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.

CATALINA_OUT (Optional) Full path to a file where stdout and stderr

will be redirected.

Default is $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out

CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the “start”,

or “run” command is executed.

CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory

the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to

$CATALINA_BASE/temp.

JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.

Required to run the with the “debug” argument.

JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.

Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty.

JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the “start”,

“stop”, or “run” command is executed.

JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of colon separated directories

containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs

created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).

It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.

Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.

JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the “jpda start”

command is executed. The default is “dt_socket”.

JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the “jpda start”

command is executed. The default is 8000.

JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the “jpda start”

command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend

execution immediately after startup. Default is “n”.

JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the “jpda start”

command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,

and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda

options MUST be specified. The default is:

-agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,

address= $JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$ JPDA_SUSPEND

CATALINA_PID (Optional) Path of the file which should contains the pid

of catalina startup java process, when start (fork) is used

LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat’s logging config file

Example (all one line)

LOGGING_CONFIG=”-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties”

LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat’s logging manager

Example (all one line)

LOGGING_MANAGER=”-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager”

$Id: catalina.sh 1146097 2011-07-13 15:25:05Z markt$

—————————————————————————–

export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_38
export CATALINA_HOME=/home/xrltest1/tomcat
JAVA_OPTS=”-server -Xms2048m -Xmx2048m -Xmn768m -XX:PermSize=128m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m -XX:+UseParallelOldGC -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=/home/xrltest1/tomcat/dumpfile/heap.bin -Xloggc:/home/xrltest1/tomcat/logs/gc.log”

作者新增的環境申明，如果一臺伺服器中有多臺tomcat要使用不同版本的JVM，就可以直接這這邊新增JRE_HOME，不需要再/etc/profile.d中再配置JRE_HOME環境變數

OS specific support. $var must be set to either true or false.

此處語句判斷作業系統，同時對作業系統支援

os400是 IBM的AIX

darwin是MacOSX 操作環境的作業系統成份

Darwin是windows平臺上執行的類UNIX模擬環境

cygwin=false
os400=false
darwin=false
case “uname” in
CYGWIN*) cygwin=true;;
OS400*) os400=true;;
Darwin*) darwin=true;;
esac

resolve links - $0 may be a softlink

此處的RPG抓取的是檔名，因為可能是符號連結，所以下面迴圈語句的作用就是找到檔案真實源路徑

PRG=” $0” while [ -h “$ PRG” ]; do
ls=ls -ld "$PRG"
link=expr "$ls" : '.*-> $.*$$'
if expr “ $link” : ‘/.*’ > /dev/null; then PRG=”$ link”
else
PRG=dirname "$PRG"/”$link”
fi
done

Get standard environment variables

PRGDIR=dirname "$PRG"

Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set

[ -z “$CATALINA_HOME” ] && CATALINA_HOME=cd "$PRGDIR/.." >/dev/null; pwd

Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not already set

[ -z “ $CATALINA_BASE" ] && CATALINA_BASE="$ CATALINA_HOME”

上面兩個語句判斷變數 $CATALINA_HOME和$ CATALINA_BASE是否存在，不存在則給予附值

CATALINA_BASE=”$CATALINA_HOME”

Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,

but allow them to be specified in setenv.sh, in rare case when it is needed.

CLASSPATH=

test –r File 檔案存在並且可讀

if [ -r “ $CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh” ]; then . “$ CATALINA_BASE/bin/setenv.sh”
elif [ -r “ $CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh” ]; then . “$ CATALINA_HOME/bin/setenv.sh”
fi

預設的tomcat的bin目錄下沒有這個檔案，可以自行編寫setenv.sh這個檔案設定環境變數

For Cygwin, ensure paths are in UNIX format before anything is touched

if $cygwin; then [ -n “$ JAVA_HOME” ] && JAVA_HOME=cygpath --unix "$JAVA_HOME"
[ -n “$JRE_HOME” ] && JRE_HOME=cygpath --unix "$JRE_HOME"
[ -n “$CATALINA_HOME” ] && CATALINA_HOME=cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_HOME"
[ -n “$CATALINA_BASE” ] && CATALINA_BASE=cygpath --unix "$CATALINA_BASE"
[ -n “$CLASSPATH” ] && CLASSPATH=cygpath --path --unix "$CLASSPATH"
fi

For OS400

if $os400; then # Set job priority to standard for interactive (interactive - 6) by using # the interactive priority - 6, the helper threads that respond to requests # will be running at the same priority as interactive jobs. COMMAND=’chgjob job(‘$ JOBNAME’) runpty(6)’
system $COMMAND
# Enable multi threading
export QIBM_MULTI_THREADED=Y
fi

Get standard Java environment variables

if $os400; then # -r will Only work on the os400 if the files are: # 1. owned by the user # 2. owned by the PRIMARY group of the user # this will not work if the user belongs in secondary groups BASEDIR=”$ CATALINA_HOME”
. “ $CATALINA_HOME”/bin/setclasspath.sh else #這點一定要注意了，本指令碼中沒有賦值卻突然冒出的變數 #都是在setclasspath.sh這個指令碼中執行賦值的。比如$ _RUNJAVA
#作者會在下一篇文章中，分析setclasspath.sh這個指令碼
if [ -r “ $CATALINA_HOME”/bin/setclasspath.sh ]; then BASEDIR=”$ CATALINA_HOME”
. “ CATALINAHOME”/bin/setclasspath.shelse

Linux下Tomcat的安裝部署

mkdir /usr/java

chmod a+x *-i586.bin

./*-i586.bin

!/bin/sh

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with

this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

(the “License”); you may not use this file except in compliance with

the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an “AS IS” BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

—————————————————————————–

Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server

Environment Variable Prerequisites

CATALINA_HOME May point at your Catalina “build” directory.

CATALINA_BASE (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions

of a Catalina installation. If not present, resolves to

the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.

CATALINA_OUT (Optional) Full path to a file where stdout and stderr

will be redirected.

Default is $CATALINA_BASE/logs/catalina.out

CATALINA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the “start”,

or “run” command is executed.

CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory

the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir). Defaults to

$CATALINA_BASE/temp.

JAVA_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.

Required to run the with the “debug” argument.

JRE_HOME Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.

Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty.

JAVA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the “start”,

“stop”, or “run” command is executed.

JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of colon separated directories

containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs

created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).

It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.

Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.

JPDA_TRANSPORT (Optional) JPDA transport used when the “jpda start”

command is executed. The default is “dt_socket”.

JPDA_ADDRESS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the “jpda start”

command is executed. The default is 8000.

JPDA_SUSPEND (Optional) Java runtime options used when the “jpda start”

command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend

execution immediately after startup. Default is “n”.

JPDA_OPTS (Optional) Java runtime options used when the “jpda start”

command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,

and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda

options MUST be specified. The default is:

-agentlib:jdwp=transport=$JPDA_TRANSPORT,

address= JPDAADDRESS,server=y,suspend= JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=JPDA_SUSPEND

CATALINA_PID (Optional) Path of the file which should contains the pid

of catalina startup java process, when start (fork) is used

LOGGING_CONFIG (Optional) Override Tomcat’s logging config file

Example (all one line)

LOGGING_CONFIG=”-Djava.util.logging.config.file=$CATALINA_BASE/conf/logging.properties”

LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat’s logging manager

Example (all one line)

LOGGING_MANAGER=”-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager”

Id:catalina.sh11460972011−07−1315:25:05Zmarkt Id: catalina.sh 1146097 2011-07-13 15:25:05Z markt

—————————————————————————–

作者新增的環境申明，如果一臺伺服器中有多臺tomcat要使用不同版本的JVM，就可以直接這這邊新增JRE_HOME，不需要再/etc/profile.d中再配置JRE_HOME環境變數

OS specific support. $var must be set to either true or false.

此處語句判斷作業系統，同時對作業系統支援

os400是 IBM的AIX

darwin是MacOSX 操作環境的作業系統成份

Darwin是windows平臺上執行的類UNIX模擬環境

resolve links - $0 may be a softlink

此處的RPG抓取的是檔名，因為可能是符號連結，所以下面迴圈語句的作用就是找到檔案真實源路徑

獲取指令碼目錄真實目錄地址

Get standard environment variables

Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set

Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not already set

上面兩個語句判斷變數 CATALINAHOME和 CATALINA_HOME和CATALINA_BASE是否存在，不存在則給予附值

CATALINA_BASE=”$CATALINA_HOME”

Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,

address= $JPDA_ADDRESS,server=y,suspend=$ JPDA_SUSPEND

$Id: catalina.sh 1146097 2011-07-13 15:25:05Z markt$

上面兩個語句判斷變數 $CATALINA_HOME和$ CATALINA_BASE是否存在，不存在則給予附值