SpringMVC 4.X環境搭建
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-09
Spring MVC 提供了一個DispatcherServlet來開發Web應用。在Servlet2.5及以下的時候，只要在web.xml下配置<Servlet>元素即可。但現在我們可以使用Servlet3.0+無web.xml的配置方式，在Spring MVC裡實現WebApplicationInitializer介面便可實現等同於web.xml的配置。
具體可參考部落格：http://wiselyman.iteye.com/blog/2213906
1.1 簡單示例
- 通篇使用java config
- @Controller宣告bean是一個控制器
- @RequestMapping訪問路徑和方法之間的對映
1.2 演示
1.2.1 新建maven web專案
- 新建專案
1.2.2 新增spring mvc依賴到maven
將pom.xml修改如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <artifactId>testSpringMVC</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <properties> <!-- Generic properties --> <java.version>1.7</java.version> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <!-- Web --> <jsp.version>2.2</jsp.version> <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> <servlet.version>2.5</servlet.version> <!-- Spring --> <spring-framework.version>4.1.5.RELEASE</spring-framework.version> <!-- Logging --> <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version> <slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>javax</groupId> <artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId> <version>7.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- Spring MVC --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring-framework.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Other Web dependencies --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>${jstl.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> <version>${servlet.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>${jsp.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- Spring and Transactions --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring-framework.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Logging with SLF4J & LogBack --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.16</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>${logback.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> <version>${logback.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-access</artifactId> <version>${logback.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <groupId>com.wisely</groupId> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> <configuration> <source>${java.version}</source> <target>${java.version}</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
1.2.3 構建目錄
- 刪除
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml; - 刪除
src/main/resources下的除logback.xml; - 在
logback.xml新增<logger name="org.springframework.web" level="DEBUG"/>,觀察請求錯誤(4xx錯誤); - 在
src/main/java新建packagecom.wisely; - 目錄結構如圖
1.2.4 基於java config的spring mvc的配置
本例基於java config,包括不使用web.xml
- Spring MVC的配置
package com.wisely; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver; @Configuration @ComponentScan("com.wisely") @EnableWebMvc public class DemoMVCConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { //名稱與實際的頁面的對映 // return "index" ; 實際返回的頁面是/WEB-INF/views/index.jsp @Bean public UrlBasedViewResolver viewResolver(){ UrlBasedViewResolver resolver = new UrlBasedViewResolver(); resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/"); resolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); resolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class); return resolver; } }
- WebInitializer(相當於web.xml)
package com.wisely; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic; import javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.core.Config; import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer; import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext; import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet; public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer { @Override public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext(); ctx.register(DemoMVCConfig.class); //註冊spring mvc的DispatcherServlet ctx.setServletContext(servletContext); Dynamic servlet = servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(ctx)); servlet.addMapping("/"); servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1); } }
1.2.5 簡單的Controller
- HomeController
package com.wisely.web; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class HomeController { @RequestMapping("/") public String home(){ return "index"; } }
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> index.jsp is here </body> </html>
1.2.6 執行
這裡貼下logback.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="1 seconds">
<contextListener class="ch.qos.logback.classic.jul.LevelChangePropagator">
<resetJUL>true</resetJUL>
</contextListener>
<jmxConfigurator/>
<appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>logbak: %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<logger name="org.springframework.web" level="DEBUG"/> <!-- 1 -->
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="console"/>
</root>
</configuration>