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nginx配合modsecurity實現WAF功能

modsecurity原本是Apache上的一款開源waf,可以有效的增強web安全性,目前已經支援nginx和IIS,配合nginx的靈活和高效,可以打造成生產級的WAF,是保護和稽核web安全的利器。

一.準備工作

系統:centos 6.5 64位、 tengine 2.1.0, modsecurity 2.8.0

  1. tengine : http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.1.0.tar.gz
  2. modsecurity for Nginx: https://www.modsecurity.org/tarball/2.8.0/modsecurity-2.8.0.tar.gz
  3. OWASP規則集 https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs

依賴關係:
tengine(nginx)依賴: pcre 、zlib、 openssl, 這三個包centos 6.5 系統源裡都有:

yum install zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel  pcre pcre-devel

modsecurty依賴的包:pcre httpd-devel libxml2 apr

yum install httpd-devel apr apr-util-devel apr-devel  pcre pcre-devel  libxml2 libxml2-devel


二.啟用standalone模組並編譯

下載modsecurity for nginx 解壓,進入解壓後目錄執行:

./autogen.sh
./configure --enable-standalone-module --disable-mlogc
make 

三.nginx新增modsecurity模組

在編譯standalone後,nginx編譯時可以通過"--add-module"新增modsecurity模組:

./configure --add-module=/root/modsecurity-2.8.0/nginx/modsecurity/  --prefix=/opt/tengine
make && make install

四.新增規則

modsecurity傾向於過濾和阻止web危險,之所以強大就在於規則,OWASP提供的規則是於社群志願者維護的,被稱為核心規則CRS(corerules),規則可靠強大,當然也可以自定義規則來滿足各種需求。

1.下載OWASP規則:

git clone https://github.com/SpiderLabs/owasp-modsecurity-crs

mv owasp-modsecurity-crs /opt/tengine/conf/

cd /opt/tengine/conf/owasp-modsecurity-crs && mv modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf.example modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf

2.啟用OWASP規則:

複製modsecurity原始碼目錄下的modsecurity.conf-recommended和unicode.mapping到nginx的conf目錄下,並將modsecurity.conf-recommended重新命名為modsecurity.conf。

編輯modsecurity.conf 檔案,將SecRuleEngine設定為 on

owasp-modsecurity-crs下有很多存放規則的資料夾,例如base_rules、experimental_rules、optional_rules、slr_rules,裡面的規則按需要啟用,需要啟用的規則使用Include進來即可。

Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/modsecurity_crs_10_setup.conf
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_sql_injection_attacks.conf
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_41_xss_attacks.conf
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/base_rules/modsecurity_crs_40_generic_attacks.conf
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_dos_protection.conf
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/experimental_rules/modsecurity_crs_11_brute_force.conf
Include owasp-modsecurity-crs/optional_rules/modsecurity_crs_16_session_hijacking.conf

五.配置nginx

在需要啟用modsecurity的主機的location下面加入下面兩行即可:

ModSecurityEnabled on;  
ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;

下面是兩個示例配置,php虛擬主機:

server {
      listen      80;
      server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;
     
      location ~ \.php$ {
      ModSecurityEnabled on;  
      ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;

      root /web/wordpress;
      index index.php index.html index.htm;
  
      fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index  index.php;
      fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
      include        fastcgi_params;
      }
  }

upstream負載均衡:

upstream 52os.net {
    server 192.168.1.100:8080;
    server 192.168.1.101:8080 backup;
}

server {
listen 80;
server_name 52os.net www.52os.net;

location / {
    ModSecurityEnabled on;  
    ModSecurityConfig modsecurity.conf;  

        proxy_pass http://online;
        proxy_redirect         off;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header  X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}

六.測試

我們啟用了xss和sql注入的過濾,不正常的請求會直接返回403。以php環境為例,新建一個phpinfo.php內容為:

<?php
    phpinfo();    
?>

在瀏覽器中訪問:

http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 正常顯示。
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?id=1 and 1=1  返回403。
http://www.52os.net/phpinfo.php?search=<scritp>alert('xss');</script>  返回403。

說明sql注入和xss已經被過濾了

七、安裝過程中排錯

1.缺少APXS會報錯

configure: looking for Apache module support via DSO through APXS
configure: error: couldn't find APXS

apxs是一個為Apache HTTP伺服器編譯和安裝擴充套件模組的工具,用於編譯一個或多個源程式或目的碼檔案為動態共享物件。
解決方法:

yum install httpd-devel

2.沒有pcre

configure: *** pcre library not found.
configure: error: pcre library is required

解決方法:

yum install pcre pcre-devel

3.沒有libxml2


configure: *** xml library not found.
configure: error: libxml2 is required

解決方法:

yum install  libxml2 libxml2-devel

4.執行 /opt/tengine/sbin/nginx -m 時有警告

Tengine version: Tengine/2.1.0 (nginx/1.6.2)
nginx: [warn] ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!

原因:modsecurity編譯時和載入時的apr版本不一致造成的,並且會有以下error.log

2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity for nginx (STABLE)/2.8.0 () configured.
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: APR compiled version="1.5.0"; loaded     version="1.3.9"
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [warn] 29036#0: ModSecurity: Loaded APR do not match with compiled!
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: PCRE compiled version="7.8 "; loaded version="7.8 2008-09-05"
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: ModSecurity: LIBXML compiled version="2.7.6"
2015/01/26 02:04:18 [notice] 29036#0: Status engine is currently disabled, enable it by set SecStatusEngine to On.

解決方法,移除低版本的APR (1.3.9)

yum remove apr

5.Error.log中有: Audit log: Failed to lock global mutex

2015/01/26 04:15:42 [error] 61610#0: [client 10.11.15.161] ModSecurity: Audit log: Failed to lock     
global mutex: Permission denied [hostname ""] [uri "/i.php"] [unique_id "AcAcAcAcAcAcAcA4DcA7AcAc"]

解決方法:
編輯modsecurity.conf,註釋掉預設的SecAuditLogType和SecAuditLog,新增以下內容:

SecAuditLogDirMode 0777
SecAuditLogFileMode 0550
SecAuditLogStorageDir /var/log/modsecurity
SecAuditLogType Concurrent

參考文章:
https://github.com/SpiderLabs/ModSecurity/wiki/Reference-Manual#Installation_for_NGINX
http://drops.wooyun.org/tips/2614