本篇內容：一個簡單的預測模型的建立、訓練、儲存和載入。

匯入必要模組：

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
import ssl #解決資料來源網站簽名認證失敗的問題
from sklearn.datasets import fetch_california_housing

解決資料來源網站簽名認證失敗的問題：

ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context

獲取資料並加入bias項：

housing = fetch_california_housing()
housing.drop('ocean_proximity', axis = 1, inplace = True)
m,n = housing.data.shape
housing_with_bias = np.c_[np.ones((m, 1)), housing.data]
 

資料標準化：

housing_with_bias = sklearn.preprocessing.scale(housing_with_bias)
housing_with_bias = pd.DataFrame(housing_with_bias)

#注意使用sklearn.preprocessing.scale輸出的結果為ndarray，可使用pd.DataFrame()轉換回DF

設定迭代週期數、學習速率：

n_epochs = 1000
learning_rate = 0.01

新增資料、標籤、權重、預測值節點，設定損失函式、優化操作：

X = tf.constant(housing_with_bias, dtype=tf.float32, name = 'X')
y = tf.constant(housing.target.reshape(-1, 1), dtype=tf.float32, name = 'y')
theta = tf.Variable(tf.random_uniform([n+1, 1], -1.0, 1.0), name = 'theta')
y_pred = tf.matmul(X, theta, name = 'predictions')
error = y_pred - y
mse = tf.reduce_mean(tf.square(error), name = 'mse')
optimizer = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(learning_rate = learning_rate)
 

新增初始化節點：

init = tf.global_variables_initializer()

訓練：

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init)
    
    for epoch in range(n_epochs):
        if epoch % 100 == 0:
            print('Epoch: ', epoch, 'MSE = ', mse.eval())
        sess.run(training_op)
        
    best_theta = theta.eval()

儲存模型：

[...]
theta = ...
[...]
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
saver = tf.train.Saver()

with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init)
    
    for epoch in range(n_epochs):
        if epoch % 100 == 0:
            save_path = saver.save(sess, '/.../my_model.ckpt')
            
        sess.run(training_op)
        
    best_theta = theta.eval()
    save_path = saver.save(sess, '/.../my_model_final.ckpt')

讀取模型：

with tf.Session as sess:
    saver.restore(sess, '/.../my_model_final.ckpt')