搭建自己的部落格（十九）：新增簡單的評論功能
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-11-19
因為評論可以作為一個模組，所以單獨建立一個app，專門用來處理評論。
1、變化的部分
2、上程式碼
{# 引用模板 #} {% extends 'base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block header_extends %} <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'blog/blog.css' %}"> {% endblock %} {# 標題 #} {% block title %} {{ blog.title }} {% endblock %} {# 內容#} {% block content %}blog_detail.html<div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6 offset-1"> <ul class="blog-info-description"> <h3>{{ blog.title }}</h3> <li>作者：{{ blog.author }}</li> {# 時間過濾器讓時間按照自己需要的格式過濾 #}<li>釋出日期：{{ blog.created_time|date:"Y-m-d H:n:s" }}</li> <li>分類： <a href="{% url 'blogs_with_type' blog.blog_type.pk %}"> {{ blog.blog_type }} </a> </li> <li>閱讀({{ blog.get_read_num }})</li> </ul> <p class="blog-content">{{ blog.content|safe }}</p> <p>上一篇： {% if previous_blog %} <a href="{% url 'blog_detail' previous_blog.pk %}">{{ previous_blog.title }}</a> {% else %} <span>沒有了</span> {% endif %} </p> <p>下一篇： {% if next_blog %} <a href="{% url 'blog_detail' next_blog.pk %}">{{ next_blog.title }}</a> {% else %} <span>沒有了</span> {% endif %} </p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-6 offset-1"> <div style="margin-top: 2em;border: 1px dashed;padding: 2em">提交評論區域 {% if user.is_authenticated %} 已登入 {% else %} 未登入 <form action="{% url 'login' %}" method="post"> {% csrf_token %} <input type="text" name="username"> <input type="password" name="password"> <input type="submit" value="登入"> </form> {% endif %} </div> <div style="margin-top: 2em;border: 1px dashed;padding: 2em">評論列表區域</div> </div> </div> </div> {% endblock %} {% block js %} <script> $(".nav-blog").addClass("active").siblings().removeClass("active"); </script> {% endblock %}
from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404 from .models import Blog, BlogType from django.core.paginator import Paginator from django.conf import settings from django.db.models import Count from read_statistics.utils import read_statistics_once_read # 分頁部分公共程式碼 def blog_list_common_data(requests, blogs_all_list): paginator = Paginator(blogs_all_list, settings.EACH_PAGE_BLOGS_NUMBER) # 第一個引數是全部內容，第二個是每頁多少 page_num = requests.GET.get('page', 1) # 獲取url的頁面引數（get請求） page_of_blogs = paginator.get_page(page_num) # 從分頁器中獲取指定頁碼的內容 current_page_num = page_of_blogs.number # 獲取當前頁 all_pages = paginator.num_pages if all_pages < 5: page_range = list( range(max(current_page_num - 2, 1), min(all_pages + 1, current_page_num + 3))) # 獲取需要顯示的頁碼 並且剔除不符合條件的頁碼 else: if current_page_num <= 2: page_range = range(1, 5 + 1) elif current_page_num >= all_pages - 2: page_range = range(all_pages - 4, paginator.num_pages + 1) else: page_range = list( range(max(current_page_num - 2, 1), min(all_pages + 1, current_page_num + 3))) # 獲取需要顯示的頁碼 並且剔除不符合條件的頁碼 blog_dates = Blog.objects.dates('created_time', 'month', order='DESC') blog_dates_dict = {} for blog_date in blog_dates: blog_count = Blog.objects.filter(created_time__year=blog_date.year, created_time__month=blog_date.month).count() blog_dates_dict = { blog_date: blog_count } return { 'blogs': page_of_blogs.object_list, 'page_of_blogs': page_of_blogs, 'blog_types': BlogType.objects.annotate(blog_count=Count('blog')), # 新增查詢並新增欄位 'page_range': page_range, 'blog_dates': blog_dates_dict } # 部落格列表 def blog_list(requests): blogs_all_list = Blog.objects.all() # 獲取全部部落格 context = blog_list_common_data(requests, blogs_all_list) return render(requests, 'blog/blog_list.html', context) # 根據型別篩選 def blogs_with_type(requests, blog_type_pk): blog_type = get_object_or_404(BlogType, pk=blog_type_pk) blogs_all_list = Blog.objects.filter(blog_type=blog_type) # 獲取全部部落格 context = blog_list_common_data(requests, blogs_all_list) context['blog_type'] = blog_type return render(requests, 'blog/blog_with_type.html', context) # 根據日期篩選 def blogs_with_date(requests, year, month): blogs_all_list = Blog.objects.filter(created_time__year=year, created_time__month=month) # 獲取全部部落格 context = blog_list_common_data(requests, blogs_all_list) context['blogs_with_date'] = '{}年{}日'.format(year, month) return render(requests, 'blog/blog_with_date.html', context) # 部落格詳情 def blog_detail(requests, blog_pk): blog = get_object_or_404(Blog, pk=blog_pk) obj_key = read_statistics_once_read(requests, blog) context = { 'blog': blog, 'previous_blog': Blog.objects.filter(created_time__gt=blog.created_time).last(), 'next_blog': Blog.objects.filter(created_time__lt=blog.created_time).first(), } response = render(requests, 'blog/blog_detail.html', context) response.set_cookie(obj_key, 'true') return responseblog下的views.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Comment
# Register your models here.
@admin.register(Comment)
class CommentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('content_object', 'text', 'comment_time', 'user')
comment下的admin.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
from django.contrib.contenttypes.fields import GenericForeignKey
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
# Create your models here.
class Comment(models.Model):
content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')
text = models.TextField()
comment_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.DO_NOTHING)
comment下的models.py
""" Django settings for myblog project. Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.1.3. For more information on this file, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/settings/ For the full list of settings and their values, see https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/ """ import os # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...) BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/ # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! SECRET_KEY = 'ea+kzo_5k^[email protected]([email protected]*+w5d11=0mp1p5ngr' # SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! DEBUG = True ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] # Application definition INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'ckeditor', 'ckeditor_uploader', 'blog.apps.BlogConfig', # 將自己建立的app新增到設定中 'read_statistics.apps.ReadStatisticsConfig', # 註冊閱讀統計app 'comment.apps.CommentConfig', # 註冊評論 ] MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 'blog.middleware.mymiddleware.My404', # 新增自己的中介軟體 ] ROOT_URLCONF = 'myblog.urls' TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'DIRS': [ os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates'), ], 'APP_DIRS': True, 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', ], }, }, ] WSGI_APPLICATION = 'myblog.wsgi.application' # Database # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases DATABASES = { # 'default': { # 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', # 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'), # } 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', 'NAME': 'myblogs', # 要連線的資料庫，連線前需要建立好 'USER': 'root', # 連線資料庫的使用者名稱 'PASSWORD': 'felixwang', # 連線資料庫的密碼 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', # 連線主機，預設本級 'PORT': 3306 # 埠 預設3306 } } # Password validation # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', }, { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', }, { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', }, { 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', }, ] # Internationalization # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/ # LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' # 語言 LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans' # TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' # 時區 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True # 不考慮時區 USE_TZ = False # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/ STATIC_URL = '/static/' STATICFILES_DIRS = [ os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static") ] # media MEDIA_URL = '/media/' MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media') # 配置ckeditor CKEDITOR_UPLOAD_PATH = 'upload/' # 自定義引數 EACH_PAGE_BLOGS_NUMBER = 7 # 設定資料庫快取 CACHES = { 'default': { 'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache', 'LOCATION': 'my_read_num_cache_table', } }settings.py
"""myblog URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) """ from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include from django.conf import settings from django.conf.urls.static import static from . import views urlpatterns = [ path('', views.home, name='home'), # 主頁路徑 path('admin/', admin.site.urls), path('ckeditor', include('ckeditor_uploader.urls')), # 配置上傳url path('blog/', include('blog.urls')), # 部落格app路徑 path('login/', views.login, name='login'), # 登入 ] # 設定ckeditor的上傳 urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)urls.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # @Time : 18-11-7 下午4:12 # @Author : Felix Wang from django.shortcuts import render, redirect from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType from django.contrib import auth from read_statistics.utils import get_seven_days_read_data, get_x_days_hot_data from blog.models import Blog def home(requests): blog_content_type = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Blog) dates, read_nums = get_seven_days_read_data(blog_content_type) context = { 'read_nums': read_nums, 'dates': dates, 'today_hot_data': get_x_days_hot_data(0), # 獲取今日熱門 'yesterday_hot_data': get_x_days_hot_data(1), # 獲取昨日熱門 'seven_days_hot_data': get_x_days_hot_data(7), # 獲取周熱門 'one_month_hot_data': get_x_days_hot_data(30), # 獲取月熱門 } return render(requests, 'home.html', context) def login(requests): username = requests.POST.get('username', '') password = requests.POST.get('password', '') user = auth.authenticate(requests, username=username, password=password) if user is not None: auth.login(requests, user) return redirect('/') else: return render(requests, 'error.html', {'message': '使用者名稱或密碼錯誤'})myblog下的views.py
{% extends 'base.html' %} {% load staticfiles %} {% block title %} 我的部落格|錯誤 {% endblock %} {% block content %} {{ message }} {% endblock %} {% block js %} {# 將首頁這個按鈕設定啟用狀態 #} <script> $(".nav-home").addClass("active").siblings().removeClass("active"); </script> {% endblock %}error.html