Mysql密碼更改、連線MySQL及常用命令
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-05
12月5日任務
13.1 設定更改root密碼
13.2 連線mysql
13.3 mysql常用命令
設定更改root密碼
要進行mysql資料庫操作，需要啟動mysql服務，執行ps aux進行檢視
[[email protected] ~]# ps aux | grep mysql root 1908 0.0 0.1 115392 1696 ? S 13:20 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid mysql 2156 0.1 30.3 1301048 460788 ? Sl 13:20 0:06 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid root 8402 0.0 0.0 112684 976 pts/0 S+ 14:45 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql
要想直接執行mysql命令，將/usr/local/mysql/bin加入到環境變數PATH；
# 臨時生效
[[email protected] ~]# export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# 永久生效
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/profile
在最後一行追加
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
儲存退出
[[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile
- 初始狀態，無密碼即可登入
[[email protected]etc]# mysql -u root Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
- 設定mysql資料庫的使用者密碼
[[email protected] etc]# mysqladmin -u root password "123456"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# 這裡的warning不用關心
# 使用新設定的密碼登入
[[email protected] etc]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
修改密碼
- 密碼已知的情況下修改
[[email protected] etc]# mysqladmin -u root -p"123456" password "654321"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
# 使用修改後的密碼登入
[[email protected] etc]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit
Bye
- 密碼未知的情況下修改
- 修改mysql配置檔案
# 這裡是/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
[[email protected] etc]# vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
# 在mysqld塊內新增一行程式碼
skip-grant //忽略授權
- 直接登入成功
[[email protected] etc]# mysql -u root
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
- 修改許可權
# 切換資料庫
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
# 設定密碼，這裡的密碼會以加密的顯示存在mysql資料庫內
mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 4 Warnings: 0
- 刪除配置檔案內的skip-grant，
[[email protected] etc]# vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
# 刪除skip-grant，儲存退出
- 最後重啟服務
[[email protected] etc]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
- 成功登入
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
連線MySQL
常用的連線mysql的命令
- 連線本機
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root -p'111'
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit
Bye
- 連線遠端
# -h指定遠端ip，-P指定埠
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root -p'111' -h 127.0.0.1 -P3306
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit
Bye
- 使用sock連線
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root -p'111' -S/tmp/mysql.sock
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> quit
Bye
- 只執行命令不登入（適合指令碼）
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -u root -p'111' -e "show databases"
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
MySQL常用命令
- 查詢庫
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 切換庫
mysql> use mysql;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
- 檢視庫裡的表
mysql> show tables;
+---------------------------+
| Tables_in_mysql |
+---------------------------+
| columns_priv |
| db |
| event |
| func |
| general_log |
| help_category |
| help_keyword |
| help_relation |
| help_topic |
| innodb_index_stats |
| innodb_table_stats |
| ndb_binlog_index |
| plugin |
| proc |
| procs_priv |
| proxies_priv |
| servers |
| slave_master_info |
| slave_relay_log_info |
| slave_worker_info |
| slow_log |
| tables_priv |
| time_zone |
| time_zone_leap_second |
| time_zone_name |
| time_zone_transition |
| time_zone_transition_type |
| user |
+---------------------------+
28 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 檢視庫裡的欄位
mysql> desc user;
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | |
| Password | char(41) | NO | | | |
| Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Reload_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Shutdown_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Process_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| File_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_db_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Super_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_slave_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Repl_client_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_user_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
| ssl_type | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO | | | |
| ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | |
| max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | |
| plugin | char(64) | YES | | mysql_native_password | |
| authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | |
| password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |
+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+
43 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 檢視建表語句
# \G將顯示的凌亂內容規整，加了\G就不需要加;了
mysql> show create table user\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: user
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `user` (
`Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`User` char(16) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Select_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Insert_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Update_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Delete_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Drop_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Reload_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Shutdown_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Process_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`File_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Grant_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`References_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Index_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Alter_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Show_db_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Super_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_tmp_table_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Lock_tables_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Execute_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Repl_slave_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Repl_client_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Show_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Alter_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_user_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Event_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Trigger_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`Create_tablespace_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
`ssl_type` enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`ssl_cipher` blob NOT NULL,
`x509_issuer` blob NOT NULL,
`x509_subject` blob NOT NULL,
`max_questions` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_updates` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`max_user_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
`plugin` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT 'mysql_native_password',
`authentication_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin,
`password_expired` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Users and global privileges'
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 檢視當前使用者
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| [email protected] |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 檢視當前使用的資料庫
# 剛登入時未選擇資料庫，檢視的結果為null
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| NULL |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
# 切換過資料庫後顯示的是切換的資料庫名
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| mysql |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 建立庫
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
在輸入的mysql指令前加#，該條指令將不會執行
- 建立表
mysql> use db1;
Database changed
mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
# 還可以在建立時指定搜尋引擎和子符編碼
# 先要刪除t1表
mysql> drop tables t1;
mysql> create table t1(`id` int(4), `name` char(40)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show create table t1;
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| t1 | CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,
`name` char(40) DEFAULT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
- 檢視當前資料庫版本
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.6.36 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 檢視資料庫狀態
mysql> show status;
+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------------------------------------+-------------+
| Aborted_clients | 0 |
| Aborted_connects | 2 |
| Binlog_cache_disk_use | 0 |
| Binlog_cache_use | 0 |
| Binlog_stmt_cache_disk_use | 0 |
| Binlog_stmt_cache_use | 0 |
| Bytes_received | 466 |
| Bytes_sent | 45143 |
| Com_admin_commands | 0 |
| Com_assign_to_keycache | 0 |
| Com_alter_db | 0 |
| Com_alter_db_upgrade | 0 |
| Com_alter_event | 0 |
| Com_alter_function | 0 |
| Com_alter_procedure | 0 |
| Com_alter_server | 0 |
| Com_alter_table | 0 |
| Com_alter_tablespace | 0 |
| Com_alter_user | 0 |
| Com_analyze | 0 |
| Com_begin | 0 |
| Com_binlog | 0 |
| Com_call_procedure | 0 |
| Com_change_db | 1 |
| Com_change_master | 0 |
| Com_check | 0 |
| Com_checksum | 0 |
| Com_commit | 0 |
| Com_create_db | 0 |
| Com_create_event | 0 |
| Com_create_function | 0 |
| Com_create_index | 0 |
| Com_create_procedure | 0 |
| Com_create_server | 0 |
| Com_create_table | 0 |
| Com_create_trigger | 0 |
| Com_create_udf | 0 |
| Com_create_user | 0 |
| Com_create_view | 0 |
| Com_dealloc_sql | 0 |
| Com_delete | 0 |
| Com_delete_multi | 0 |
| Com_do | 0 |
| Com_drop_db | 0 |
| Com_drop_event | 0 |
| Com_drop_function | 0 |
...
- 檢視各引數
mysql> show variables\G
Variable_name: updatable_views_with_limit
Value: YES
*************************** 448. row ***************************
Variable_name: version
Value: 5.6.36
*************************** 449. row ***************************
Variable_name: version_comment
Value: MySQL Community Server (GPL)
*************************** 450. row ***************************
Variable_name: version_compile_machine
Value: x86_64
*************************** 451. row ***************************
Variable_name: version_compile_os
Value: linux-glibc2.5
*************************** 452. row ***************************
Variable_name: wait_timeout
Value: 28800
*************************** 453. row ***************************
Variable_name: warning_count
Value: 0
453 rows in set (0.01 sec)
# 按指定名稱來匹配
mysql> show variables like "max_connection%";
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 151 |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 修改引數
mysql> set global max_connect_errors=1000;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# %表示匹配任意字元
# 這裡可以看到引數已經變為修改後的1000了。
mysql> show variables like "max_connect%";
+--------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------+-------+
| max_connect_errors | 1000 |
| max_connections | 151 |
+--------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 檢視佇列
# 可以檢視當前使用使用者、資料庫，進行的操作等
mysql> show processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 6 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show full processlist;
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
| 6 | root | localhost | db1 | Query | 0 | init | show full processlist |
+----+------+-----------+------+---------+------+-------+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)