201771010126 王燕《面向物件設計 java》第十五週實驗總結
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-09
第一部分 理論部分
◼ JAR檔案◼ 應用程式首選項儲存◼ Java Web Start
JAR檔案：
1.Java程式的打包：程式編譯完成後，程式設計師將.class檔案壓縮打包為.jar檔案後，GUI介面程式就可以直接雙擊圖示執行。
2.jar檔案（Java歸檔）既可以包含類檔案，也可包含諸如影象和聲音這些其它型別的檔案。
3.JAR檔案是壓縮的，它使用ZIP壓縮格式。
jar命令 1 jar命令格式： jar {ctxui} [vfm0Me] [jar-file] [manifest-file] [entry-point] [-C dir] files ... 2 Jar命令選項（教材581頁表13-1）： – -c 建立一個新的或者空的存檔檔案並加入檔案。 – -C 暫時改變到指定的目錄 – -e 在清單檔案中建立一個條目 – -f 將JAR檔名指定為第二個命令列引數 – -i 為指定的JAR檔案產生索引資訊 – -m 將一個清單檔案（manifest）新增到JAR檔案中 – -M 不產生所有項的清單檔案（manifest） – -t 列出存檔內容的列表 – -u 更新已存在的JAR檔案 – -v 生成詳細的輸出結果 – -x 解壓存檔中的命名的（或所有的〕檔案 – -0 只儲存方式，不用ZIP壓縮格式
(1) 建立JAR檔案 jar cf jar-file input-file(s) c---want to Create a JAR file. eg: 1) jar cf MenuTest.jar *.class *.gif f---want the output to go to a file rather than to stdout. 2) jar cvf MenuTest.jar *.class *.gif v---Produces verbose output to stdout. 3) jar cvf MenuTest.jar * *---create all contents in current directory. 4) jar cv0f MenuTest.jar * 0---don't want the JAR file to be compressed.
(2) 檢視JAR檔案 jar tf jar-file t---want to view the Table of contents of the JAR file. eg: 1) jar tvf MenuTest.jar v---Produces verbose output to stdout.
(3) 提取JAR檔案 jar xf jar-file [archived-file(s)] x---want to extract files from the JAR archive. eg: 1) jar xf MenuTest.jar copy.gif(僅提取檔案copy.gif) 2) jar xf MenuTest.jar alex/copy.gif(僅提取目錄alex下的 檔案copy.gif) 3) jar xf MenuTest.jar(提取該JAR中的所有檔案或目錄)
(4) 更新JAR檔案 jar uf jar-file input-file(s) u---want to update an existing JAR file. eg: 1) jar uf MenuTest.jar copy.gif (5) 索引JAR檔案 jar i jar-file i---index an existing JAR file. eg: 1) jar i MenuTest.jar
清單檔案
⚫ 每個JAR檔案中包含一個用於描述歸檔特徵的清單檔案(manifest)。清單檔案被命名為MANIFEST.MF，它位於JAR檔案的一個特殊的META-INF子目錄中。
⚫ 最小的符合標準的清單檔案是很簡單的：Manifest-Version：1.0複雜的清單檔案包含多個條目，這些條目被分成多個節。第一節被稱為主節，作用於整個JAR檔案。隨後的條目用來指定已命名條目的屬性，可以是檔案、包或者URL。
⚫ 清單檔案的節與節之間用空行分開，最後一行必須以換行符結束。否則，清單檔案將無法被正確地讀取。
– 建立一個包含清單的JAR檔案，應該執行：
jar cfm MyArchive.jar manifest.mf com/*.class
– 要更新一個已有JAR檔案的清單，則需要將增加的部分
放置到一個文字檔案中，執行如下命令：
jar ufm MyArchive.jar manifest-additions.mf
執行JAR檔案
⚫ 使用者可以通過下面的命令來啟動應用程式：
java –jar MyProgram.jar
⚫ 視窗作業系統，可通過雙擊JAR檔案圖示來啟動應用程式。
資源
⚫ Java中，應用程式使用的類通常需要一些相關的資料檔案，這些檔案稱為資源(Resource)。
–影象和聲音檔案。
–帶有訊息字串和按鈕標籤的文字檔案。
–二進位制資料檔案，如：描述地圖佈局的檔案。
⚫ 類載入器知道如何搜尋類檔案，直到在類路徑、存檔檔案或Web伺服器上找到為止。
⚫ 利用資源機制對於非類檔案也可以進行同樣操作，具體步驟如下：
– 獲得資源的Class物件。
– 如果資源是一個影象或聲音檔案，那麼就需要呼叫getresource(filename)獲得資源的URL位置，然後利用getImage或getAudioClip方法進行讀取。
– 如果資源是文字或二進位制檔案，那麼就可以使用getResouceAsStream方法讀取檔案中的資料。
⚫ 資原始檔可以與類檔案放在同一個目錄中，也可以將資原始檔放在其它子目錄中。具體有以下兩種方式：
–相對資源名：如data/text/about.txt它會被解釋為相對於載入這個資源的類所在的包。
–絕對資源名：如/corejava/title.txt ⚫ ResourceTest.java程式演示了資源載入的過程。 ⚫ 編譯、建立JAR檔案和執行這個程式的命令如下： – javac ResourceTest.java – jar cvfm ResourceTest.jar ResourceTest.mf *.class *.gif *.txt – java –jar ResourceTest.jar
1、實驗目的與要求
(1) 掌握Java應用程式的打包操作；
(2) 瞭解應用程式儲存配置資訊的兩種方法；
(3) 掌握基於JNLP協議的java Web Start應用程式的釋出方法；
(5) 掌握Java GUI 程式設計技術。
2.實驗部分
實驗1： 匯入第13章示例程式，測試程式並進行程式碼註釋。
測試程式1
l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材585頁程式13-1，結合程式執行結果理解程式；
l 將所生成的JAR檔案移到另外一個不同的目錄中，再執行該歸檔檔案，以便確認程式是從JAR檔案中，而不是從當前目錄中讀取的資源。
l 掌握建立JAR檔案的方法；
package resource;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* @version 1.41 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class ResourceTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new ResourceTestFrame();
frame.setTitle("ResourceTest");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
/**
* A frame that loads image and text resources.
*/
class ResourceTestFrame extends JFrame
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;
public ResourceTestFrame()
{
setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
URL aboutURL = getClass().getResource("about.gif");
Image img = new ImageIcon(aboutURL).getImage();
setIconImage(img);
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();
InputStream stream = getClass().getResourceAsStream("about.txt");
try (Scanner in = new Scanner(stream, "UTF-8"))
{
while (in.hasNext())
textArea.append(in.nextLine() + "\n");
}
add(textArea);
}
}
測試程式2
l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材583頁-584程式13-2，結合程式執行結果理解程式；
l 瞭解Properties類中常用的方法；
package properties;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A program to test properties. The program remembers the frame position, size,
* and title.
* @version 1.01 2015-06-16
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class PropertiesTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
PropertiesFrame frame = new PropertiesFrame();
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
/**
* A frame that restores position and size from a properties file and updates
* the properties upon exit.
*/
class PropertiesFrame extends JFrame
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
private File propertiesFile;
private Properties settings;
public PropertiesFrame()
{
// 從屬性中獲取位置、大小和標題
String userDir = System.getProperty("user.home");
File propertiesDir = new File(userDir, ".corejava");
if (!propertiesDir.exists()) propertiesDir.mkdir();
propertiesFile = new File(propertiesDir, "program.properties");
Properties defaultSettings = new Properties();
defaultSettings.setProperty("left", "0");
defaultSettings.setProperty("top", "0");
defaultSettings.setProperty("width", "" + DEFAULT_WIDTH);
defaultSettings.setProperty("height", "" + DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
defaultSettings.setProperty("title", "");
settings = new Properties(defaultSettings);
if (propertiesFile.exists())
try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(propertiesFile))
{
settings.load(in);
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
int left = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("left"));
int top = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("top"));
int width = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("width"));
int height = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("height"));
setBounds(left, top, width, height);
// 如果沒有標題，詢問使用者
String title = settings.getProperty("title");
if (title.equals(""))
title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
if (title == null) title = "";
setTitle(title);
//新增指定的視窗偵聽器，以從此視窗接收視窗事件。
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event)
{
settings.setProperty("left", "" + getX());
settings.setProperty("top", "" + getY());
settings.setProperty("width", "" + getWidth());
settings.setProperty("height", "" + getHeight());
settings.setProperty("title", getTitle());
try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(propertiesFile))
{
settings.store(out, "Program Properties");
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
測試結果如下所示
測試程式3
l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材593頁-594程式13-3，結合程式執行結果理解程式；
l 瞭解Preferences類中常用的方法；
package preferences;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.prefs.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.*;
/**
* A program to test preference settings. The program remembers the frame
* position, size, and title.
* @version 1.03 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class PreferencesTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
PreferencesFrame frame = new PreferencesFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
/**
* A frame that restores position and size from user preferences and updates the
* preferences upon exit.
*/
class PreferencesFrame extends JFrame
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
private Preferences root = Preferences.userRoot();
private Preferences node = root.node("/com/horstmann/corejava");
public PreferencesFrame()
{
// get position, size, title from preferences
int left = node.getInt("left", 0);
int top = node.getInt("top", 0);
int width = node.getInt("width", DEFAULT_WIDTH);
int height = node.getInt("height", DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
setBounds(left, top, width, height);
// if no title given, ask user
String title = node.get("title", "");
if (title.equals(""))
title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
if (title == null) title = "";
setTitle(title);
// 設定顯示XML檔案的檔案選擇器
final JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
chooser.setFileFilter(new FileNameExtensionFilter("XML files", "xml"));
// 設定選單
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
setJMenuBar(menuBar);
JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
menuBar.add(menu);
JMenuItem exportItem = new JMenuItem("Export preferences");
menu.add(exportItem);
exportItem
.addActionListener(event -> {
if (chooser.showSaveDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
{
try
{
savePreferences();
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(chooser
.getSelectedFile());
node.exportSubtree(out);
out.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
JMenuItem importItem = new JMenuItem("Import preferences");
menu.add(importItem);
importItem
.addActionListener(event -> {
if (chooser.showOpenDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
{
try
{
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(chooser
.getSelectedFile());
Preferences.importPreferences(in);
in.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
menu.add(exitItem);
exitItem.addActionListener(event -> {
savePreferences();
System.exit(0);
});
}
public void savePreferences()
{
node.putInt("left", getX());
node.putInt("top", getY());
node.putInt("width", getWidth());
node.putInt("height", getHeight());
node.put("title", getTitle());
}
}
測試結果如下所示
測試程式4
l 在elipse IDE中除錯執行教材619頁-622程式13-6，結合程式執行結果理解程式；
l 掌握基於JNLP協議的java Web Start應用程式的釋出方法。
package webstart;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A calculator with a calculation history that can be deployed as a Java Web Start application.
* @version 1.04 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class Calculator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
CalculatorFrame frame = new CalculatorFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
package webstart;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.jnlp.BasicService;
import javax.jnlp.FileContents;
import javax.jnlp.FileOpenService;
import javax.jnlp.FileSaveService;
import javax.jnlp.PersistenceService;
import javax.jnlp.ServiceManager;
import javax.jnlp.UnavailableServiceException;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
/**
* A frame with a calculator panel and a menu to load and save the calculator history.
*/
public class CalculatorFrame extends JFrame
{
private CalculatorPanel panel;
public CalculatorFrame()
{
setTitle();
panel = new CalculatorPanel();
add(panel);
JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
menuBar.add(fileMenu);
setJMenuBar(menuBar);
JMenuItem openItem = fileMenu.add("Open");
openItem.addActionListener(event -> open());
JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add("Save");
saveItem.addActionListener(event -> save());
pack();
}
/**
* Gets the title from the persistent store or asks the user for the title if there is no prior
* entry.
*/
public void setTitle()
{
try
{
String title = null;
BasicService basic = (BasicService) ServiceManager.lookup("javax.jnlp.BasicService");
URL codeBase = basic.getCodeBase();
PersistenceService service = (PersistenceService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.PersistenceService");
URL key = new URL(codeBase, "title");
try
{
FileContents contents = service.get(key);
InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
title = reader.readLine();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
if (title == null) return;
service.create(key, 100);
FileContents contents = service.get(key);
OutputStream out = contents.getOutputStream(true);
PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
printOut.print(title);
}
setTitle(title);
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException | IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
/**
* Opens a history file and updates the display.
*/
public void open()
{
try
{
FileOpenService service = (FileOpenService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.FileOpenService");
FileContents contents = service.openFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" });
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, contents.getName());
if (contents != null)
{
InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
{
panel.append(line);
panel.append("\n");
}
}
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
/**
* Saves the calculator history to a file.
*/
public void save()
{
try
{
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
printOut.print(panel.getText());
InputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
FileSaveService service = (FileSaveService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.FileSaveService");
service.saveFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" }, data, "calc.txt");
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
}
package webstart;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;
/**
A panel with calculator buttons and a result display.
*/
public class CalculatorPanel extends JPanel
{
private JTextArea display;
private JPanel panel;
private double result;
private String lastCommand;
private boolean start;
/**
Lays out the panel.
*/
public CalculatorPanel()
{
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
result = 0;
lastCommand = "=";
start = true;
// add the display
display = new JTextArea(10, 20);
add(new JScrollPane(display), BorderLayout.NORTH);
ActionListener insert = new InsertAction();
ActionListener command = new CommandAction();
// add the buttons in a 4 x 4 grid
panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4));
addButton("7", insert);
addButton("8", insert);
addButton("9", insert);
addButton("/", command);
addButton("4", insert);
addButton("5", insert);
addButton("6", insert);
addButton("*", command);
addButton("1", insert);
addButton("2", insert);
addButton("3", insert);
addButton("-", command);
addButton("0", insert);
addButton(".", insert);
addButton("=", command);
addButton("+", command);
add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
/**
Gets the history text.
@return the calculator history
*/
public String getText()
{
return display.getText();
}
/**
Appends a string to the history text.
@param s the string to append
*/
public void append(String s)
{
display.append(s);
}
/**
Adds a button to the center panel.
@param label the button label
@param listener the button listener
*/
private void addButton(String label, ActionListener listener)
{
JButton button = new JButton(label);
button.addActionListener(listener);
panel.add(button);
}
/**
This action inserts the button action string to the
end of the display text.
*/
private class InsertAction implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
String input = event.getActionCommand();
start = false;
display.append(input);
}
}
/**
This action executes the command that the button
action string denotes.
*/
private class CommandAction implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
String command = event.getActionCommand();
if (start)
{
if (command.equals("-"))
{
display.append(command);
start = false;
}
else
lastCommand = command;
}
else
{
try
{
int lines = display.getLineCount();
int lineStart = display.getLineStartOffset(lines - 1);
int lineEnd = display.getLineEndOffset(lines - 1);
String value = display.getText(lineStart, lineEnd - lineStart);
display.append(" ");
display.append(command);
calculate(Double.parseDouble(value));
if (command.equals("="))
display.append("\n" + result);
lastCommand = command;
display.append("\n");
start = true;
}
catch (BadLocationException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
Carries out the pending calculation.
@param x the value to be accumulated with the prior result.
*/
public void calculate(double x)
{
if (lastCommand.equals("+")) result += x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("-")) result -= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("*")) result *= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("/")) result /= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("=")) result = x;
}
}
程式碼出現錯誤
實驗2：GUI綜合程式設計練習
按實驗十四分組名單，組內討論完成以下程式設計任務：
練習1：採用GUI介面設計以下程式，並進行部署與釋出：
l 編制一個程式，將身份證號.txt 中的資訊讀入到記憶體中；
l 按姓名字典序輸出人員資訊；
l 查詢最大年齡的人員資訊；
l 查詢最小年齡人員資訊；
l 輸入你的年齡，查詢身份證號.txt中年齡與你最近人的姓名、身份證號、年齡、性別和出生地；
l 查詢人員中是否有你的同鄉。
l 輸入身份證資訊，查詢所提供身份證號的人員資訊，要求輸入一個身份證數字時，查詢介面就顯示滿足查詢條件的查詢結果，且隨著輸入的數字的增多，查詢匹配的範圍逐漸縮小。
package demo1;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*; public class ButtonTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new Main(); frame.setTitle("身份證"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } }
package demo1;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Scanner; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class Main extends JFrame { private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist; private static ArrayList<Student> list; private JPanel panel; private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WITH = 600; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300; public Main() { studentlist = new ArrayList<>(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); File file = new File("C:\\Users\\ASUS\\Desktop\\身份證號.txt"); try { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis)); String temp = null; while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) { Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp); linescanner.useDelimiter(" "); String name = linescanner.next(); String number = linescanner.next(); String sex = linescanner.next(); String age = linescanner.next(); String province = linescanner.nextLine(); Student student = new Student(); student.setName(name); student.setnumber(number); student.setsex(sex); int a = Integer.parseInt(age); student.setage(a); student.setprovince(province); studentlist.add(student); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("學生資訊檔案找不到"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("學生資訊檔案讀取錯誤"); e.printStackTrace(); } panel = new JPanel(); panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); JTextArea jt = new JTextArea(); panel.add(jt); add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH); buttonPanel = new JPanel(); buttonPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 7)); JButton jButton = new JButton("字典排序"); JButton jButton1 = new JButton("年齡最大和年齡最小"); JLabel lab = new JLabel("猜猜你的老鄉"); JTextField jt1 = new JTextField(); JLabel lab1 = new JLabel("找找同齡人（年齡相近）："); JTextField jt2 = new JTextField(); JLabel lab2 = new JLabel("輸入你的身份證號碼："); JTextField jt3 = new JTextField(); JButton jButton2 = new JButton("退出"); jButton.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jButton1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jt1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jt2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jt3.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jButton2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { Collections.sort(studentlist); jt.setText(studentlist.toString()); } }); jButton1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { int max = 0, min = 100; int j, k1 = 0, k2 = 0; for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { j = studentlist.get(i).getage(); if (j > max) { max = j; k1 = i; } if (j < min) { min = j; k2 = i; } } jt.setText("年齡最大：" + studentlist.get(k1) + "年齡最小：" + studentlist.get(k2)); } }); jButton2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { dispose(); System.exit(0); } }); jt1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String find = jt1.getText(); String text=""; String place = find.substring(0, 3); for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { if (studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1, 4).equals(place)) { text+="\n"+studentlist.get(i); jt.setText("老鄉：" + text); } } } }); jt2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String yourage = jt2.getText(); int a = Integer.parseInt(yourage); int near = agenear(a); int value = a - studentlist.get(near).getage(); jt.setText("年齡相近：" + studentlist.get(near)); } }); jt3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { list = new ArrayList<>(); Collections.sort(studentlist); String key = jt3.getText(); for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { if (studentlist.get(i).getnumber().contains(key)) { list.add(studentlist.get(i)); jt.setText("emmm！你可能是：\n" + list); //System.out.println("可能的人：" + studentlist.get(i)); //jt.setText("可能的人：" + studentlist.get(i)); } } } }); buttonPanel.add(jButton); buttonPanel.add(jButton1); buttonPanel.add(lab); buttonPanel.add(jt1); buttonPanel.add(lab1); buttonPanel.add(jt2); buttonPanel.add(lab2); buttonPanel.add(jt3); buttonPanel.add(jButton2); add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH); setSize(DEFAULT_WITH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public static int agenear(int age) { int min = 53, value = 0, k = 0; for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { value = studentlist.get(i).getage() - age; if (value < 0) value = -value; if (value < min) { min = value; k = i; } } return k; } }
package demo1;
public class Student implements Comparable<Student> { private String name; private String number ; private String sex ; private int age; private String province; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getnumber() { return number; } public void setnumber(String number) { this.number = number; } public String getsex() { return sex ; } public void setsex(String sex ) { this.sex =sex ; } public int getage() { return age; } public void setage(int age) { // int a = Integer.parseInt(age); this.age= age; } public String getprovince() { return province; } public void setprovince(String province) { this.province=province ; } public int compareTo(Student o) { return this.name.compareTo(o.getName()); } public String toString() { return name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+age+"\t"+number+"\t"+province+"\n"; } }
執行結果：
字典排序：
1.查詢最大年齡的人員資訊；
2.查詢最小年齡人員資訊；
找老鄉：
年齡相近的人：
輸入身份證資訊，查詢所提供身份證號的人員資訊，要求輸入一個身份證數字時，查詢介面就顯示滿足查詢條件的查詢結果，且隨著輸入的數字的增多，查詢匹配的範圍逐漸縮小。
輸入數字2時：
輸入數字26時：
輸入數字265時：
練習2：採用GUI介面設計以下程式，並進行部署與釋出
l 編寫一個計算器類，可以完成加、減、乘、除的操作
l 利用計算機類，設計一個小學生100以內數的四則運算練習程式，由計算機隨機產生10道加減乘除練習題，學生輸入答案，由程式檢查答案是否正確，每道題正確計10分，錯誤不計分，10道題測試結束後給出測試總分；
l 將程式中測試練習題及學生答題結果輸出到檔案，檔名為test.txt。
package ui_test;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import javax.swing.*; public class MyExGUI extends JFrame { ArrayList<String> user_zongti = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> user_zonganswer = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> user_answer = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> true_answer = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> jta_timu = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> jta_zong = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<Integer> user_fenshu = new ArrayList<Integer>(); JMenuBar jm; // 選單條元件 JMenu menu;// 選單 JMenuItem item1, item2;// 選單項 JMenu build; // 二級選單 JMenuItem file, project; TextArea answer_all = new TextArea(); TextField jta = new TextField(); TextField jta_answer = new TextField(); JLabel num_answer = new JLabel(); JLabel answer; JToolBar jtb;// 工具條 JButton jb1, jb2, jb3, jb4, jb5, jb6, jb7, jb_next; int answer_count; int answer_fenshu; public MyExGUI() { // 建立選單 jm = new JMenuBar(); menu = new JMenu("檔案(F)"); menu.setMnemonic('f'); // 助記符 build = new JMenu("新建"); file = new JMenuItem("檔案"); project = new JMenuItem("答題"); item1 = new JMenuItem("儲存(S)"); item2 = new JMenuItem("退出"); answer = new JLabel("第 1 題"); // 新增選單項至選單上 build.add(file); build.add(project); menu.add(build); menu.add(item1); menu.add(item2); menu.addSeparator(); // 將選單加入至選單欄 jm.add(menu); JPanel contentPanel = new JPanel(); contentPanel.setLayout(null); JLabel daan = new JLabel("答案"); JLabel dengyu = new JLabel("="); num_answer = answer; num_answer.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); jb_next = new JButton("下一題"); jta.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); jta_answer.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); jb_next.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); daan.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); dengyu.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); contentPanel.add(num_answer); contentPanel.add(daan); contentPanel.add(dengyu); contentPanel.add(jta); contentPanel.add(jta_answer); contentPanel.add(answer_all); contentPanel.add(jb_next); num_answer.setBounds(90, 20, 130, 50); daan.setBounds(250, 20, 90, 50); jta.setBounds(50, 70, 150, 30); dengyu.setBounds(205, 70, 20, 20); jta_answer.setBounds(230, 70, 100, 30); jb_next.setBounds(350, 70, 110, 30); answer_all.setBounds(50, 120, 400, 300); this.setJMenuBar(jm); // 新增選單欄，不能設定位置，會自動放在最上部 this.add(contentPanel); this.setTitle("線上答題系統"); this.setSize(600, 500); this.setVisible(true); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); item1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { FileOutputStream outSTr = null; BufferedOutputStream Buff = null; boolean flag = true; File file; // String test ; do { // test = "test"+count; String inputValue = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please input file name"); file = new File(inputValue + "test.txt"); if (!file.exists()) { // 建立檔案 try { flag = file.createNewFile(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } flag = false; } else { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "該檔名已存在，請重新輸入", "ERROR", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); flag = true; } } while (flag); // 寫入檔案 String u_answer; try { outSTr = new FileOutputStream(file); Buff = new BufferedOutputStream(outSTr); System.out.println("選擇是後執行的程式碼" + user_zongti.size() + user_answer.size()); for (int i = 0; i < user_zongti.size(); i++) { try { Buff.write(user_zongti.get(i).getBytes()); Buff.write(" ".getBytes()); u_answer = user_answer.get(i); if (u_answer.equals("")) u_answer = "沒有作答"; Buff.write(u_answer.getBytes()); Buff.write("\r\n".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); i--; } } Buff.flush(); Buff.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { outSTr.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } user_zongti.clear(); user_answer.clear(); } }); project.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { arithmetic art = new arithmetic(); true_answer = art.list_answer; jta_timu = art.list_timu; jta_zong = art.list; answer_count = 1; answer_all.setText(""); for (int i = 0; i < art.list_timu.size(); i++) { user_zongti.add(jta_zong.get(i)); answer_all.append(jta_timu.get(i)); answer_all.append("\r\n"); } num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 題"); jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1)); answer_count++; } }); jb_next.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { String temp; temp = jta_answer.getText(); if (jta.getText().equals("")) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "錯誤,請匯入題庫", "錯誤", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); return; } jta_answer.setText(""); if (answer_count <= 10) { if (isInteger(temp)) { user_answer.add(temp); System.out.println("選擇否後執行的程式碼" + temp + "user_size" + user_answer.size()); num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 題"); jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1)); answer_count++