CentOS7通過yum安裝Mysql5.7+修改預設密碼+遠端登入+主從複製+keepalive高可用
CentOS7通過yum安裝Mysql5.7+修改預設密碼+遠端登入+主從複製+keepalive高可用
環境設定
mysql-mater 192.168.20.51
mysql-slave 192.168.20.52
vip：192.168.20.91
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.10.52 sqla
192.168.10.51 sqlb
1、配置yum源
# 下載mysql源安裝包[[email protected] ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
# 安裝mysql源[[email protected] ~]# yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm檢查mysql源是否安裝成功
[[email protected] ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"2、安裝mysql
[[email protected] ~]#yum install mysql-community-server3、啟動MySQL服務
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service
4、開機啟動
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[[email protected] ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-09-10T03:43:48.298022Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for
5、修改root預設密碼
mysql安裝完成之後，在/var/log/mysqld.log檔案中給root生成了一個預設密碼。
檢視預設密碼
[[email protected] ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-09-10T03:43:48.298022Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for [email protected]: gVxip6#KC!2w
其中 gVxip6#KC!2w 就是我的預設密碼
HVu8keo+x>wo
用預設密碼登入
shell> mysql -uroot -p
mysql> Enter password: gVxip6#KC!2w
修改預設密碼:
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('新的密碼');
# 上面的root是你的新密碼
6、允許root遠端登入
mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'192.168.20.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!' WITH GRANT OPTION;mysql>flush privileges;
第一句中”%”表示任何主機都可以遠端登入到該伺服器上訪問。如果要限制只有某臺機器可以訪問，將其換成相應的IP即可，如：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO [email protected]”192.168.20.%” IDENTIFIED BY “密碼”;
[email protected]是登入密碼。
第二句表示從mysql資料庫的grant表中重新載入許可權資料。因為MySQL把許可權都放在了cache中，所以在做完更改後需要重新載入。
7、修改字符集編碼 UTF-8
檢視當前的字元編碼
show variables like 'char%'；
檢測是否都是utf-8（filesystem除外），如果不是就得改，例如這個character_set_server一般是拉丁編碼
修改編碼
//停資料庫
systemctl stop mysqld
//進入 my.cnf 檔案，一般是在etc路徑下
vim /etc/my.cnf
//加入要修改的字符集 修改完:wq退出
在[mysqld]下追加：
character-set-server=utf8
//重啟資料庫
systemctl start mysqld
8、生產mysql主服務具體配置：
[client]
port = 3306
#socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
port = 3306
#socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
#basedir = /usr/local/mysql
#datadir = /var/mysql/data
#pid-file = /var/mysql/data/mysql.pid
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
lower_case_table_names=1
skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 300
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 600000
open_files_limit = 65535
#table-definition-cache = 1024
#table_open_cache = 2048
max_allowed_packet = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
tmp_table_size = 32M
read_buffer_size = 16M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 8M
thread_cache_size = 512
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_size = 0
#query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = ROW
expire_logs_days = 7
server-id = 12
log-slave-updates
slave-skip-errors=all
sync_binlog=1
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=1
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=16
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_recovery=ON
#log_error = /var/mysql/data/mysql-error.log
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
performance_schema = 0
#lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-external-locking
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb-flush-method = O_DIRECT
innodb-log-files-in-group = 2
innodb-log-file-size = 128M
innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 1
innodb-file-per-table = 1
innodb-buffer-pool-size = 18G
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
·
9、生產mysql從服務具體配置：
[client]
port = 3306
#socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set = utf8mb4
[mysqld]
port = 3306
#socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default_password_lifetime=0
#basedir = /usr/local/mysql
#datadir = /var/mysql/data
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
#pid-file = /var/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server = utf8mb4
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
lower_case_table_names=1
skip-name-resolve
range_optimizer_max_mem_size=0
#skip-networking
back_log = 300
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 600000
open_files_limit = 65535
#table_open_cache = 2048
#table-definition-cache = 1024
max_allowed_packet = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 32M
tmp_table_size = 32M
read_buffer_size = 16M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 8M
#thread_cache_size = 30
query_cache_type = 0
query_cache_size = 0
#query_cache_limit = 2M
ft_min_word_len = 4
log_bin = mysql-bin
binlog_format = ROW
expire_logs_days = 7
server-id = 11
log-slave-updates
slave-skip-errors=all
sync_binlog=1
auto_increment_increment=1
auto_increment_offset=1
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=16
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_recovery=ON
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
#log_error = /var/mysql/data/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /var/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
performance_schema = 0
#lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-external-locking
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb-flush-method = O_DIRECT
innodb-log-files-in-group = 2
innodb-log-file-size = 128M
innodb-flush-log-at-trx-commit = 1
innodb-file-per-table = 1
innodb-buffer-pool-size = 6G
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
10、設定mysql主從複製
10.1 修改mysql配置
找到主資料庫的配置檔案my.cnf(或者my.ini)，我的在/etc/mysql/my.cnf,在[mysqld]部分插入如下兩行：
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin #開啟二進位制日誌
server-id=11 #設定server-id
10.2.重啟mysql，建立用於同步的使用者賬號
開啟mysql會話shell>mysql -uroot -p
建立使用者並授權：使用者：replication密碼：使用者密碼mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.20.52' identified by '密碼';
mysql>flush privileges; #重新整理許可權
10.3.檢視master狀態，記錄二進位制檔名(mysql-bin.000004)和位置(730)：
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 | 730 | | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#查詢許可權
select * from mysql.user;
10.4、配置從伺服器Slave：
mysql>change master to master_host='192.168.20.51',master_user='replication ',master_password='密碼',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000004',master_log_pos=730;
//注意不要斷開，308數字前後無單引號。
Mysql>start slave; //啟動從伺服器複製功能
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.20.51
Master_User: replication
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 887
Relay_Log_File: localhost-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 477
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
10.5、主從伺服器測試：
主伺服器Mysql，建立資料庫，並在這個庫中建表插入一條資料：
mysql> create database hi_db;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use hi_db;
Database changed
mysql> create table hi_tb(id int(3),name char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into hi_tb values(001,'bobu');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hi_db |
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
從伺服器Mysql查詢：
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hi_db | //I'M here，大家看到了吧
| mysql |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use hi_db
Database changed
mysql> select * from hi_tb; //檢視主伺服器上新增的具體資料
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | bobu |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
11、安裝keepalived，並配置
11.1主從安裝
keepalived 安裝
#安裝keepavlived
yum -y install keepalived
#設定開機啟動
systemctl enable keepalived.service
#啟動服務
service keepalived start
11.2 主keepalived配置
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script check_mysql {
script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/mysql_check.sh"
interval 2
}
vrrp_sync_group VG1 {
group {
VI_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface em1
virtual_router_id 88
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
check_mysql
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.20.91 label em1
}
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/master.sh
notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/backup.sh
notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop.sh
}
11.3 從keepalived配置
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
}
notification_email_from [email protected]
smtp_server 192.168.200.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_script check_mysql {
script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/mysql_check.sh"
interval 2
}
vrrp_sync_group VG1 {
group {
VI_1
}
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface em1
virtual_router_id 88
priority 80
advert_int 1
# nopreempt #不進行搶佔操作
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
check_mysql
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.20.91 label em1
}
notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/master.sh
notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/backup.sh
notify_stop /etc/keepalived/scripts/stop.sh
}
注意：一定一定要給/etc/keepalived/scripts許可權