一、pthread_create函式：

1、簡介：pthread_create是UNIX環境建立執行緒的函式

2、標頭檔案：#include <pthread.h>

3、函式宣告：

int pthread_create(pthread_t* restrict tidp,const pthread_attr_t* restrict_attr,void* (*start_rtn)(void*),void *restrict arg);

4、輸入引數：（以下做簡介，具體參見例項一目瞭然）

（1）tidp：事先建立好的pthread_t型別引數。成功時tidp指向的記憶體單元被設定為新建立執行緒的執行緒ID。

（2）attr：用於定製各種不同的執行緒屬性。APUE的12.3節討論了執行緒屬性。通常直接設為NULL。

（3）start_rtn：新建立執行緒從此函式開始執行。無引數是arg設為NULL即可。

（4）arg：start_rtn函式的引數。無引數時設為NULL即可。有引數時輸入引數的地址。當多於一個引數時應當使用結構體傳入。（以下舉例）

5、返回值：成功返回0，否則返回錯誤碼。

舉例如下：

二、不向執行緒函式傳遞引數：

#include "apue.h"
#include <pthread.h>
#include "apueerror.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

pthread_t ntid;

void printids(const char *s){
	pid_t		pid;
	pthread_t	tid;

	pid = getpid();
	tid = pthread_self();
	printf("%s pid %lu tid %lu (0x%lx)\n", s, (unsigned long)pid,
	  (unsigned long)tid, (unsigned long)tid);
}


void *thr_fn(void *arg){
	printids("new thread: ");
	cout << "Change to C++ code!!" << endl;
	return((void *)0);
}

int main(void){
	int		err;
	err = pthread_create(&ntid, NULL, thr_fn, NULL);
	if (err != 0)
		err_exit(err, "can't create thread");
	printids("main thread:");
	sleep(1);
	exit(0);
}
 

三、向執行緒函式傳遞一個引數：

#include "apue.h"
#include <pthread.h>
#include "apueerror.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
pthread_t ntid;
void printids(const char *s){
	pid_t		pid;
	pthread_t	tid;

	pid = getpid();
	tid = pthread_self();
	printf("%s pid %lu tid %lu (0x%lx)\n", s, (unsigned long)pid,
	  (unsigned long)tid, (unsigned long)tid);
}

struct Param {
	int a;
	int b;
	int c;
};


void *thr_fn( void *arg ) {
	int tmp = *(int *)arg;
	cout << "tmp=" << tmp << endl;
	printids("new thread: ");
	cout << "Change to C++ code!!" << endl;
	return((void *)0);
}



int main(void){
	int		err;
	int num = 123;
	err = pthread_create(&ntid, NULL, thr_fn, &num);
	if (err != 0)
		err_exit(err, "can't create thread");
	printids("main thread:");
	sleep(1);
	exit(0);
}
 

四、向執行緒函式傳遞兩個或以上的引數：

#include "apue.h"
#include <pthread.h>
#include "apueerror.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
pthread_t ntid;

void printids(const char *s){
	pid_t		pid;
	pthread_t	tid;

	pid = getpid();
	tid = pthread_self();
	printf("%s pid %lu tid %lu (0x%lx)\n", s, (unsigned long)pid,
	  (unsigned long)tid, (unsigned long)tid);
}

struct Param {
	int a;
	int b;
	int c;
};


void *thr_fn(void *arg) {
	Param tmp = *(Param *)arg;
	cout << "tmp.a=" << tmp.a << endl;
	cout << "tmp.b=" << tmp.b << endl;
	cout << "tmp.c=" << tmp.c << endl;

	printids("new thread: ");
	cout << "Change to C++ code!!" << endl;
	return((void *)0);
}

int main(void){
	int		err;
	int num = 123;
	Param param1;
	param1.a = 11;
	param1.b = 22;
	param1.c = 33;
	err = pthread_create(&ntid, NULL, thr_fn, &param1);

	if (err != 0)
		err_exit(err, "can't create thread");
	printids("main thread:");
	sleep(1);
	exit(0);
}