【configure】如何用automake、autoconf指令生成configure並建立自己的linux tar.gz安裝包【初級篇：簡單建立-測試】
阿新 • • 發佈：2018-12-16
$ tree 2048-c/
2048-c/
├── 2048.c
├── 2048.h
└── main.c
0 directories, 3 files然後進入資料夾，執行autoscan生成configure.scan檔案
$ cd 2048-c/ $ ls 2048.c* 2048.h* main.c* $ autoscan Unescaped left brace in regex is deprecated here (and will be fatal in Perl 5.30), passed through in regex; marked by <-- HERE in m/\${ <-- HERE [^\}]*}/ at /usr/bin/autoscan-2.69 line 361. $ ls 2048.c* 2048.h* autoscan-2.69.log configure.scan main.c*
將configure.scan檔案更名為configure.ac，並進行編輯：
$ mv configure.scan configure.ac
$ vim configure.ac
修改第5行，新增第6行，第9行選填，並儲存：
1 # -*- Autoconf -*- 2 # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. 3 4 AC_PREREQ([2.69]) 5 AC_INIT(2048, 1.0,[email protected]) 6 AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(2048, 1.0) 7 AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([2048.c]) 8 AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h]) 9 AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile]) 10 # Checks for programs. 11 AC_PROG_CC 12 13 # Checks for libraries. 14 15 # Checks for header files. 16 AC_CHECK_HEADERS([stdlib.h string.h termios.h unistd.h]) 17 18 # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics. 19 20 # Checks for library functions. 21 22 AC_OUTPUT ~ :wq
執行aclocal命令：
$ ls
2048.c* 2048.h* autoscan-2.69.log configure.ac main.c*
$ aclocal
$ ls
2048.c* aclocal.m4 autoscan-2.69.log main.c*
2048.h* autom4te.cache/ configure.ac
執行autoconf指令：
$ autoconf
$ ls
2048.c* aclocal.m4 autoscan-2.69.log configure.ac
2048.h* autom4te.cache/ configure* main.c*
執行autoheader命令：
$ autoheader
$ ls
2048.c* aclocal.m4 autoscan-2.69.log configure* main.c*
2048.h* autom4te.cache/ config.h.in configure.ac
接下來建立檔案Makefile.am
內容如下（忽略行號）：
$ vim Makefile.am
1 AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS=foreign
2 bin_PROGRAMS=2048
3 2048_SOURCES=2048.c 2048.h main.c
~
~
~
:wq然後automake
$ automake --add-missing
configure.ac:6: warning: AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE: two- and three-arguments forms are deprecated. For more info, see:
configure.ac:6: http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/automake.html#Modernize-AM_005fINIT_005fAUTOMAKE-invocation
$ ls
2048.c* autom4te.cache/ config.log [email protected] Makefile.in
2048.exe* autoscan-2.69.log config.status* main.c* [email protected]
2048.h* [email protected] configure* main.o stamp-h1
2048.o config.h configure.ac Makefile
aclocal.m4 config.h.in [email protected] Makefile.am
接下來進行./configure操作生成Makefile檔案，具體命令列此處不作講解：
$ ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
...
$然後make編譯、make distclean刪除安裝包的無關項，make dist生成安裝的壓縮包tar.gz：
$ make dist
make dist-gzip am__post_remove_distdir='@:'
make[1]: 進入目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c”
if test -d "2048-1.0"; then find "2048-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "2048-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "2048-1.0"; }; else :; fi
test -d "2048-1.0" || mkdir "2048-1.0"
test -n "" \
|| find "2048-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
-exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /home/rongtao/2048-c/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
|| chmod -R a+r "2048-1.0"
tardir=2048-1.0 && ${TAR-tar} chof - "$tardir" | eval GZIP= gzip --best -c >2048-1.0.tar.gz
make[1]: 離開目錄“/home/rongtao/2048-c”
if test -d "2048-1.0"; then find "2048-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "2048-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "2048-1.0"; }; else :; fi
$ make distclean
test -z "2048.exe" || rm -f 2048.exe
rm -f *.o
rm -f *.tab.c
test -z "" || rm -f
test . = "." || test -z "" || rm -f
rm -f config.h stamp-h1
rm -f TAGS ID GTAGS GRTAGS GSYMS GPATH tags
rm -f cscope.out cscope.in.out cscope.po.out cscope.files
rm -f config.status config.cache config.log configure.lineno config.status.lineno
rm -rf ./.deps
rm -f Makefile
生成了一個：
$ ls -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 rongtao None 82991 10月 20 09:03 2048-1.0.tar.gz
對生成的tar.gz進行安裝
將2018-1.0.tar.gz拷貝至“下載”目錄，假裝他是下載得到的：
$ pwd
/home/rongtao/下載
$ ls
2048-1.0.tar.gz
解壓：
$ tar -xzvf 2048-1.0.tar.gz
2048-1.0/
2048-1.0/2048.c
2048-1.0/2048.h
2048-1.0/aclocal.m4
2048-1.0/compile
2048-1.0/config.h.in
2048-1.0/configure
2048-1.0/configure.ac
2048-1.0/depcomp
2048-1.0/install-sh
2048-1.0/main.c
2048-1.0/Makefile.am
2048-1.0/Makefile.in
2048-1.0/missing
$ ls
2048-1.0/ 2048-1.0.tar.gz
進入資料夾進行configure
$ cd 2048-1.0
$ ls
2048.c* compile* configure.ac main.c* missing*
2048.h* config.h.in depcomp* Makefile.am
aclocal.m4 configure* install-sh* Makefile.in
$ ./configure
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... gawk
...
$ 進行編譯make：
$ make
make all-am
make[1]: 進入目錄“/home/rongtao/下載/2048-1.0”
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O2 -MT main.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/main.Tpo -c -o main.o main.c
mv -f .deps/main.Tpo .deps/main.Po
gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O2 -MT 2048.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/2048.Tpo -c -o 2048.o 2048.c
mv -f .deps/2048.Tpo .deps/2048.Po
gcc -g -O2 -o 2048.exe main.o 2048.o
make[1]: 離開目錄“/home/rongtao/下載/2048-1.0”
進行安裝make install
$ make install
make[1]: 進入目錄“/home/rongtao/下載/2048-1.0”
/usr/bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/bin'
/usr/bin/install -c 2048.exe '/usr/local/bin'
make[1]: 對“install-data-am”無需做任何事。
make[1]: 離開目錄“/home/rongtao/下載/2048-1.0”
檢查是否安裝，在終端輸入20，然後按Tab直接跳出可執行檔案，是不是很nice：
$ 2048.exe
到此結束，以後會繼續更新對一個專案的configure操作，敬請期待，我也很期待。。。