一、開發環境、測試環境與生產環境載入不同資料的配置方式

　　[email protected]註解應用　　

　　　@Profile註解配置方式，

　　　　1）配置在類上（只有prod或者dev profile啟用時，才會建立對應的bean）　

package com.myapp;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
 
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
@Profile("dev")
public class DevelopmentProfileConfig {

    @Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdown")
    public DataSource dataSource() {
        return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
                .addScript(
 
"classpath:schema.sql")
                .addScript("classpath:test-data.sql")
                .build();
    }
}

package com.myapp;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
 
import org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

@Configuration
@Profile("prod")
public class ProductionProfileConfig {

    @Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdown")
    public DataSource jndiDataSource() {
        JndiObjectFactoryBean jndiObjectFactoryBean = new JndiObjectFactoryBean();
        jndiObjectFactoryBean.setJndiName("jdbc/myDS");
        jndiObjectFactoryBean.setResourceRef(true);
        jndiObjectFactoryBean.setProxyInterface(javax.sql.DataSource.class);
        return (DataSource) jndiObjectFactoryBean.getObject();
    }
}

　　　　2）配置在方法上（3.1之後版本開始支援，之前版本不支援，只有當規定的profile啟用時，相應的bean才會被建立，沒有指定profile的bean始終都會被建立）

package com.myapp;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseType;
import org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean;

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
  
  @Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdown")
  @Profile("dev")
  public DataSource embeddedDataSource() {
    return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
        .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)
        .addScript("classpath:schema.sql")
        .addScript("classpath:test-data.sql")
        .build();
  }

  @Bean
  @Profile("prod")
  public DataSource jndiDataSource() {
    JndiObjectFactoryBean jndiObjectFactoryBean = new JndiObjectFactoryBean();
    jndiObjectFactoryBean.setJndiName("jdbc/myDS");
    jndiObjectFactoryBean.setResourceRef(true);
    jndiObjectFactoryBean.setProxyInterface(javax.sql.DataSource.class);
    return (DataSource) jndiObjectFactoryBean.getObject();
  }

}

　　2、基於xml配置方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
  xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  <beans profile="dev">
    <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2">
      <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" />
      <jdbc:script location="classpath:test-data.sql" />
    </jdbc:embedded-database>
  </beans>
  
  <beans profile="prod">
    <jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource"
      lazy-init="true"
      jndi-name="jdbc/myDatabase"
      resource-ref="true"
      proxy-interface="javax.sql.DataSource" />
  </beans>
</beans>

二、啟用profile

　　Spring在確定那個profile處於啟用狀態是，需要依賴兩個獨立的屬性：spring.profiles.active和spring.profiles.default。優先順序spring.profiles.active > spring.profiles.default

如果這兩個引數都沒有設定的情況下，profile不會啟用，只會建立沒有定義在profile中的bean

　　profile啟用方式：

　　1）作為DispatcherServlet的初始化引數；

　　2）作為Web應用的上下文引數；

　　3）作為JNDI條目；

　　4）作為環境變數；

　　5）作為JVM的系統屬性；

　　6）在繼承測試類上，使用@ActiveProfiles註解設定

在Servlet上下文中配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
  xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
  http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>SpringDemo</display-name>
  <context-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring/root-context.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <context-param>
      <param-name>spring.profiles.default</param-name>
      <param-value>dev</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
      <listener-class>
          org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
      </listener-class>
  </listener>
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>
          org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
      </servlet-class>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>spring.profiles.default</param-name>
          <param-value>dev</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>appServlet</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

spring.profiles.active和spring.profiles.default支援同時啟用多個profile，可以通過列出多個profile名稱，並以逗號分隔來實現