HDU 5909 Tree Cutting(樹形DP+FWT)
Tree Cutting
Time Limit: 4000/2000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 262144/131072 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 1379 Accepted Submission(s): 538
Problem Description
Byteasar has a tree T with n vertices conveniently labeled with 1,2,...,n. Each vertex of the tree has an integer value vi.
The value of a non-empty tree T is equal to v1⊕v2⊕...⊕vn, where ⊕ denotes bitwise-xor.
Now for every integer k from [0,m), please calculate the number of non-empty subtree of T which value are equal to k.
A subtree of T is a subgraph of T that is also a tree.
Input
The first line of the input contains an integer T(1≤T≤10), denoting the number of test cases.
In each test case, the first line of the input contains two integers n(n≤1000) and m(1≤m≤210), denoting the size of the tree T and the upper-bound of v.
The second line of the input contains n integers v1,v2,v3,...,vn(0≤vi<m), denoting the value of each node.
Each of the following n−1 lines contains two integers ai,bi, denoting an edge between vertices ai and bi(1≤ai,bi≤n).
It is guaranteed that m can be represent as 2k, where k is a non-negative integer.
Output
For each test case, print a line with m integers, the i-th number denotes the number of non-empty subtree of T which value are equal to i.
The answer is huge, so please module 109+7.
Sample Input
2 4 4 2 0 1 3 1 2 1 3 1 4 4 4 0 1 3 1 1 2 1 3 1 4
Sample Output
3 3 2 3 2 4 2 3
Source
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題意:Byteasar有一棵nn個點的無根樹,節點依次編號為11到nn,其中節點ii的權值為v_ivi。 定義一棵樹的價值為它所有點的權值的異或和。 現在對於每個[0,m)[0,m)的整數kk,請統計有多少TT的非空連通子樹的價值等於kk。 一棵樹TT的連通子樹就是它的一個連通子圖,並且這個圖也是一棵樹。
題解:如果暴力的話是個裸的 樹形DP,但是複雜度是n三方,但是我們發現對於異或運算,我們可以用fwt加速 運算,使得複雜度 降到n*nlogn。
#include<vector>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
#define mod 1000000007
const int rev=(mod+1)>>1;
ll dp[1500][1500],ans[1505],sum[1500];
int n,m,a[1505];
vector<int>q[1505];
void fwt(ll *a,int n)
{
for (int i=1;i<n;i<<=1)
for (int j=0;j<n;j+=(i<<1))
for (int k=0,x,y;k<i;++k)
{
x=a[j+k],y=a[j+k+i];
a[j+k]=(x+y)%mod; //if (a[j+k]>=rhl) a[j+k]-=rhl;
a[j+k+i]=(x-y+mod)%mod;// if (a[j+k+i]<0) a[j+k+i]+=rhl;
//and:a[j+k]=x+y;
//or:a[j+k+i]=x+y;
//xor:a[j+k]=x+y,a[j+k+i]=x-y;
}
return;
}
void ufwt(ll *a,int n)
{
for (int i=1;i<n;i<<=1)
for (int j=0;j<n;j+=(i<<1))
for (int k=0,x,y;k<i;++k)
{
x=a[j+k],y=a[j+k+i];
a[j+k]=1ll*(x+y)*rev%mod;
a[j+k+i]=(1ll*(x-y)*rev%mod+mod)%mod;
//and:a[j+k]=x-y;
//or:a[j+k+i]=y-x;
//xor:a[j+k]=(x+y)/2,a[j+k+i]=(x-y)/2;
}
return;
}
void work(ll a[],ll b[],int n)
{
fwt(a,n);fwt(b,n);
for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
a[i]=1ll*a[i]*b[i]%mod;
ufwt(a,n);
}
void dfs(int u,int p)
{
dp[u][a[u]]=1;
for(int i=0;i<q[u].size();i++)
{
int v=q[u][i];
if(v==p)
continue;
dfs(v,u);
for(int j=0;j<m;j++)
sum[j]=dp[u][j];
work(dp[u],dp[v],m);
for(int j=0;j<m;j++)
dp[u][j]=(dp[u][j]+sum[j])%mod;
}
for(int i=0;i<m;i++)
ans[i]=(ans[i]+dp[u][i])%mod;
}
int main(void)
{
int T,x,y;
scanf("%d",&T);
while(T--)
{
memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp));
memset(ans,0,sizeof(ans));
scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
q[i].clear();
for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
for(int i=1;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
q[x].push_back(y);
q[y].push_back(x);
}
dfs(1,0);
for(int i=0;i<m-1;i++)
printf("%lld ",ans[i]);
printf("%lld\n",ans[m-1]);
}
return 0;
}