3、Testng.xml

你可以使用下面幾種方法呼叫TestNg框架

3.1使用Testng.xml

3.2使用Ant

3.3使用命令列

這個小節，將會住要描述一下如何使用testng.xml,以及testng.xml的格式。testng.xml使用的是testng.dtd進行的約束，如果您對dtd標記語言非常熟悉，直接看這個檔案即可讀懂其中的意思和格式，dtd的描述如下所示：

<!--

Here is a quick overview of the main parts of this DTD.  For more information,
refer to the <a href="http://testng.org">main web site</a>.
                                                      
A <b>suite</b> is made of <b>tests</b> and <b>parameters</b>.
                                                      
A <b>test</b> is made of three parts:                        

<ul>
<li> <b>parameters</b>, which override the suite parameters     
<li> <b>groups</b>, made of two parts                           
<li> <b>classes</b>, defining which classes are going to be part
  of this test run                                    
</ul>
                                                      
In turn, <b>groups</b> are made of two parts:                
<ul>
<li> Definitions, which allow you to group groups into   
  bigger groups                                       
<li> Runs, which defines the groups that the methods     
  must belong to in order to be run during this test  
</ul>
                                                      
Cedric Beust & Alexandru Popescu                      
@title DTD for TestNG                                    
@root suite

-->


<!-- A suite is the top-level element of a testng.xml file                  -->
<!ELEMENT suite (groups?,(listeners|packages|test|parameter|method-selectors|suite-files)*) >

<!-- Attributes: -->
<!--
@attr  name        The name of this suite (as it will appear in the reports)
@attr  junit       Whether to run in JUnit mode.
@attr  verbose     How verbose the output on the console will be.  
                This setting has no impact on the HTML reports.
@attr  parallel   Whether TestNG should use different threads
                to run your tests (might speed up the process)
@attr  configfailurepolicy  Whether to continue attempting Before/After
                Class/Methods after they've failed once or just skip remaining.
@attr  thread-count An integer giving the size of the thread pool to use
                if you set parallel.
@attr  annotations  If "javadoc", TestNG will look for
                JavaDoc annotations in your sources, otherwise it will
                use JDK5 annotations.
@attr  time-out     The time to wait in milliseconds before aborting the
                method (if parallel="methods") or the test (parallel="tests")
@attr  skipfailedinvocationcounts Whether to skip failed invocations.
@attr  data-provider-thread-count An integer givin the size of the thread pool to use
       for parallel data providers.
@attr  object-factory A class that implements IObjectFactory that will be used to
       instantiate the test objects.
@attr allow-return-values If true, tests that return a value will be run as well
-->
<!ATTLIST suite 
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
    junit (true | false) "false"
    verbose CDATA #IMPLIED
    parallel (false | methods | tests | classes | instances) "false"
    configfailurepolicy (skip | continue) "skip"
    thread-count CDATA "5"
    annotations CDATA #IMPLIED
    time-out CDATA #IMPLIED
    skipfailedinvocationcounts (true | false) "false"
    data-provider-thread-count CDATA "10"
    object-factory CDATA #IMPLIED
    group-by-instances (true | false) "false"
    preserve-order (true | false) "true"
    allow-return-values (true | false) "false"
>

<!-- A list of XML files that contain more suite descriptions -->
<!ELEMENT suite-files (suite-file)* >

<!ELEMENT suite-file ANY >
<!ATTLIST suite-file
    path CDATA #REQUIRED
>

<!--
Parameters can be defined at the <suite> or at the <test> level.
Parameters defined at the <test> level override parameters of the same name in <suite>
Parameters are used to link Java method parameters to their actual value, defined here.
-->
<!ELEMENT parameter ANY>
<!ATTLIST parameter
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
    value CDATA #REQUIRED >

<!--
Method selectors define user classes used to select which methods to run.
They need to implement <tt>org.testng.IMethodSelector</tt> 
-->
<!ELEMENT method-selectors (method-selector*) >
<!ELEMENT method-selector ((selector-class)*|script) >
<!ELEMENT selector-class ANY>
<!ATTLIST selector-class
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
  priority CDATA #IMPLIED
>
<!ELEMENT script ANY>
<!ATTLIST script
    language CDATA #REQUIRED
>

<!--
A test contains parameters and classes.  Additionally, you can define additional groups ("groups of groups")
-->

<!ELEMENT test (method-selectors?,parameter*,groups?,packages?,classes?) >

<!--
@attr  name         The name of this test (as it will appear in the reports)
@attr  junit        Whether to run in JUnit mode.
@attr  verbose      How verbose the output on the console will be.
                This setting has no impact on the HTML reports.
                Default value: suite level verbose.
@attr  parallel     Whether TestNG should use different threads
                to run your tests (might speed up the process)
@attr  thread-count An integer giving the size of the thread pool to be used if
                parallel mode is used. Overrides the suite level value.
@attr  annotations  If "javadoc", TestNG will look for
                JavaDoc annotations in your sources, otherwise it will
                use JDK5 annotations.
@attr  time-out     the time to wait in milliseconds before aborting
                the method (if parallel="methods") or the test (if parallel="tests")
@attr  enabled      flag to enable/disable current test. Default value: true 
@attr  skipfailedinvocationcounts Whether to skip failed invocations.
@attr preserve-order If true, the classes in this tag will be run in the same order as
found in the XML file.
@attr allow-return-values If true, tests that return a value will be run as well
-->
<!ATTLIST test
    name CDATA #REQUIRED 
    junit (true | false) "false"
    verbose  CDATA #IMPLIED
    parallel  CDATA #IMPLIED
    thread-count CDATA #IMPLIED
    annotations  CDATA #IMPLIED
    time-out CDATA #IMPLIED
    enabled CDATA #IMPLIED
    skipfailedinvocationcounts (true | false) "false"
    preserve-order (true | false) "true"
    group-by-instances (true | false) "false"
    allow-return-values (true | false) "false"
>

<!--
Defines additional groups ("groups of groups") and also which groups to include in this test run
-->
<!ELEMENT groups (define*,run?,dependencies?) >

<!ELEMENT define (include*)>
<!ATTLIST define
    name CDATA #REQUIRED>

<!-- Defines which groups to include in the current group of groups         -->
<!ELEMENT include ANY>
<!ATTLIST include
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
    description CDATA #IMPLIED
    invocation-numbers CDATA #IMPLIED>

<!-- Defines which groups to exclude from the current group of groups       -->
<!ELEMENT exclude ANY>
<!ATTLIST exclude
    name CDATA #REQUIRED>

<!-- The subtag of groups used to define which groups should be run         -->
<!ELEMENT run (include?,exclude?)* >

<!ELEMENT dependencies (group*)>

<!ELEMENT group ANY>
<!ATTLIST group
    name CDATA #REQUIRED
    depends-on CDATA #REQUIRED>

<!-- The list of classes to include in this test                            -->
<!ELEMENT classes (class*,parameter*) >
<!ELEMENT class (methods*) >
<!ATTLIST class
    name CDATA #REQUIRED >

<!-- The list of packages to include in this test                           -->
<!ELEMENT packages (package*) >
<!-- The package description. 
     If the package name ends with .* then subpackages are included too.
-->
<!ELEMENT package (include?,exclude?)*>
<!ATTLIST package
    name CDATA #REQUIRED >

<!-- The list of methods to include/exclude from this test                 -->
<!ELEMENT methods (include?,exclude?,parameter?)* >

<!-- The list of listeners that will be passed to TestNG -->
<!ELEMENT listeners (listener*) >

<!ELEMENT listener ANY>
<!ATTLIST listener
    class-name CDATA #REQUIRED >
 

<!ELEMENT suite (groups?,(listeners|packages|test|parameter|method-selectors|suite-files)*) >

我們來看看如下的幾個例項：

<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" >
  
<suite name="Suite1" verbose="1" >
  <test name="Nopackage" >
    <classes>
       <class name="NoPackageTest" />
    </classes>
  </test>
 
  <test name="Regression1">
    <classes>
      <class name="test.sample.ParameterSample"/>
      <class name="test.sample.ParameterTest"/>
    </classes>
  </test>
</suite>
 

test.sample.ParameterTest中所有的testcase。

<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd" >
 
<suite name="Suite1" verbose="1" >
  <test name="Regression1"   >
    <packages>
      <package name="test.sample" />
   </packages>
 </test>
</suite>
 

<test name="Regression1">
  <groups>
    <run>
      <exclude name="brokenTests"  />
      <include name="checkinTests"  />
    </run>
  </groups>
  
  <classes>
    <class name="test.IndividualMethodsTest">
      <methods>
        <include name="testMethod" />
      </methods>
    </class>
  </classes>
</test>

test.IndividualMethodsTest中的testMethod將會被執行。

在預設情況下，TestNg執行您的測試用例會根據xml的配置有一個預設的順序，如果您想要隨機的方式執行測試用

例，則需要設定屬性preserve-order在suite上，如下所示。

<test name="Regression1" preserve-order="false">
  <classes>
 
    <class name="test.Test1">
      <methods>
        <include name="m1" />
        <include name="m2" />
      </methods>
    </class>
 
    <class name="test.Test2" />
 
  </classes>
</test>