1. 程式人生 > >Pixhawk---通過串列埠方式新增一個自定義感測器(超聲波為例)

Pixhawk---通過串列埠方式新增一個自定義感測器(超聲波為例)

Pixhawk—新增一個自定義感測器—超聲波(串列埠方式)

1 說明

  首先超聲波模組是通過串列埠方式傳送(Tx)出資料,使用的模組資料傳送週期為100ms,資料格式為:

R0034 R0122 R0122 R0046 R0127 R0044 R0044 R0125 R0034 R0037 R0041 R0122 R0122 .....

則可以通過Pixhawk板上的串列埠來接收(Rx)資料,即將超聲波的Tx介面連線到Pixhawk板上的Rx介面。
  Pixhawk板上串列埠說明:
  這裡寫圖片描述
  測試使用Pixhawk板上TELEM2介面的USART2,對應的Nuttx UART裝置檔案尾/dev/ttyS2
  這裡寫圖片描述

2 讀取資料測試

  步驟:

  • Firmware/src/modules中新增一個新的資料夾,命名為rw_uart
  • rw_uart資料夾中建立module.mk檔案,並輸入以下內容:
    • MODULE_COMMAND = rw_uart
    • SRCS = rw_uart.c
  • rw_uart資料夾中建立rw_uart.c檔案
  • 註冊新新增的應用到NuttShell中。Firmware/makefiles/nuttx/config_px4fmu-v2_default.mk檔案中新增如下內容:
    • MODULES += modules/rw_uart

rw_uart.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <termios.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdbool.h> #include <errno.h> #include <drivers/drv_hrt.h> __EXPORT int rw_uart_main(int argc, char *argv[]); static int uart_init(char * uart_name); static int set_uart_baudrate(const int fd, unsigned int baud); int
set_uart_baudrate(const int fd, unsigned int baud) { int speed; switch (baud) { case 9600: speed = B9600; break; case 19200: speed = B19200; break; case 38400: speed = B38400; break; case 57600: speed = B57600; break; case 115200: speed = B115200; break; default: warnx("ERR: baudrate: %d\n", baud); return -EINVAL; } struct termios uart_config; int termios_state; /* fill the struct for the new configuration */ tcgetattr(fd, &uart_config); /* clear ONLCR flag (which appends a CR for every LF) */ uart_config.c_oflag &= ~ONLCR; /* no parity, one stop bit */ uart_config.c_cflag &= ~(CSTOPB | PARENB); /* set baud rate */ if ((termios_state = cfsetispeed(&uart_config, speed)) < 0) { warnx("ERR: %d (cfsetispeed)\n", termios_state); return false; } if ((termios_state = cfsetospeed(&uart_config, speed)) < 0) { warnx("ERR: %d (cfsetospeed)\n", termios_state); return false; } if ((termios_state = tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &uart_config)) < 0) { warnx("ERR: %d (tcsetattr)\n", termios_state); return false; } return true; } int uart_init(char * uart_name) { int serial_fd = open(uart_name, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY); if (serial_fd < 0) { err(1, "failed to open port: %s", uart_name); return false; } return serial_fd; } int rw_uart_main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char data = '0'; char buffer[4] = ""; /* * TELEM1 : /dev/ttyS1 * TELEM2 : /dev/ttyS2 * GPS : /dev/ttyS3 * NSH : /dev/ttyS5 * SERIAL4: /dev/ttyS6 * N/A : /dev/ttyS4 * IO DEBUG (RX only):/dev/ttyS0 */ int uart_read = uart_init("/dev/ttyS2"); if(false == uart_read)return -1; if(false == set_uart_baudrate(uart_read,9600)){ printf("[YCM]set_uart_baudrate is failed\n"); return -1; } printf("[YCM]uart init is successful\n"); while(true){ read(uart_read,&data,1); if(data == 'R'){ for(int i = 0;i <4;++i){ read(uart_read,&data,1); buffer[i] = data; data = '0'; } printf("%s\n",buffer); } } return 0; }
  • 編譯並刷韌體

    • make clean
    • make upload px4fmu-v2_default
  • 檢視app

    • 在NSH終端中輸入help,在Builtin Apps中出現rw_uart應用。
  • 執行rw_uart應用(前提是模組與Pixhawk連線好)
    • 在NSH終端中輸入rw_uart,回車,檢視超聲波的列印資料。

3 釋出超聲波的資料

  在無人機執行時,首先是要將應用隨系統啟動時就啟動起來的,且將獲得的超聲波資料不斷的釋出出去,從而讓其他應用得以訂閱使用。這裡也使用Pixhawk裡面的通用模式,即主執行緒,檢測app命令輸入,建立一個執行緒來不斷的釋出資料。

3.1 定義主題和釋出主題

  • modules/rw_uart資料夾下建立一個檔案:rw_uart_sonar_topic.h

rw_uart_sonar_topic.h

#ifndef __RW_UART_SONAR_H_
#define __RW_UART_SONAR_H_

#include <stdint.h>
#include <uORB/uORB.h>

/*宣告主題,主題名自定義*/
ORB_DECLARE(rw_uart_sonar);

/* 定義要釋出的資料結構體 */
struct rw_uart_sonar_data_s{
    char datastr[5];        //原始資料
    int data;               //解析資料,單位:mm
};

#endif  

rw_uart.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <drivers/drv_hrt.h>

#include "rw_uart_sonar_topic.h"

/* 定義主題 */
ORB_DEFINE(rw_uart_sonar, struct rw_uart_sonar_data_s);

static bool thread_should_exit = false;
static bool thread_running = false;
static int daemon_task;


__EXPORT int rw_uart_main(int argc, char *argv[]);
int rw_uart_thread_main(int argc, char *argv[]);

static int uart_init(const char * uart_name);
static int set_uart_baudrate(const int fd, unsigned int baud);
static void usage(const char *reason);



int set_uart_baudrate(const int fd, unsigned int baud)
{
    int speed;

    switch (baud) {
        case 9600:   speed = B9600;   break;
        case 19200:  speed = B19200;  break;
        case 38400:  speed = B38400;  break;
        case 57600:  speed = B57600;  break;
        case 115200: speed = B115200; break;
        default:
            warnx("ERR: baudrate: %d\n", baud);
            return -EINVAL;
    }

    struct termios uart_config;

    int termios_state;

    /* fill the struct for the new configuration */
    tcgetattr(fd, &uart_config);
    /* clear ONLCR flag (which appends a CR for every LF) */
    uart_config.c_oflag &= ~ONLCR;
    /* no parity, one stop bit */
    uart_config.c_cflag &= ~(CSTOPB | PARENB);
    /* set baud rate */
    if ((termios_state = cfsetispeed(&uart_config, speed)) < 0) {
        warnx("ERR: %d (cfsetispeed)\n", termios_state);
        return false;
    }

    if ((termios_state = cfsetospeed(&uart_config, speed)) < 0) {
        warnx("ERR: %d (cfsetospeed)\n", termios_state);
        return false;
    }

    if ((termios_state = tcsetattr(fd, TCSANOW, &uart_config)) < 0) {
        warnx("ERR: %d (tcsetattr)\n", termios_state);
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}


int uart_init(const char * uart_name)
{
    int serial_fd = open(uart_name, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY);

    if (serial_fd < 0) {
        err(1, "failed to open port: %s", uart_name);
        return false;
    }
    return serial_fd;
}

static void usage(const char *reason)
{
    if (reason) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", reason);
    }

    fprintf(stderr, "usage: position_estimator_inav {start|stop|status} [param]\n\n");
    exit(1);
}

int rw_uart_main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    if (argc < 2) {
        usage("[YCM]missing command");
    }

    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "start")) {
        if (thread_running) {
            warnx("[YCM]already running\n");
            exit(0);
        }

        thread_should_exit = false;
        daemon_task = px4_task_spawn_cmd("rw_uart",
                         SCHED_DEFAULT,
                         SCHED_PRIORITY_MAX - 5,
                         2000,
                         rw_uart_thread_main,
                         (argv) ? (char * const *)&argv[2] : (char * const *)NULL);
        exit(0);
    }

    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "stop")) {
        thread_should_exit = true;
        exit(0);
    }

    if (!strcmp(argv[1], "status")) {
        if (thread_running) {
            warnx("[YCM]running");

        } else {
            warnx("[YCM]stopped");
        }

        exit(0);
    }

    usage("unrecognized command");
    exit(1);
}

int rw_uart_thread_main(int argc, char *argv[])
{

    if (argc < 2) {
        errx(1, "[YCM]need a serial port name as argument");
        usage("eg:");
    }

    const char *uart_name = argv[1];

    warnx("[YCM]opening port %s", uart_name);
    char data = '0';
    char buffer[5] = "";
    /*
     * TELEM1 : /dev/ttyS1
     * TELEM2 : /dev/ttyS2
     * GPS    : /dev/ttyS3
     * NSH    : /dev/ttyS5
     * SERIAL4: /dev/ttyS6
     * N/A    : /dev/ttyS4
     * IO DEBUG (RX only):/dev/ttyS0
     */
    int uart_read = uart_init(uart_name);
    if(false == uart_read)return -1;
    if(false == set_uart_baudrate(uart_read,9600)){
        printf("[YCM]set_uart_baudrate is failed\n");
        return -1;
    }
    printf("[YCM]uart init is successful\n");

    thread_running = true;

    /*初始化資料結構體 */
    struct rw_uart_sonar_data_s sonardata;
    memset(&sonardata, 0, sizeof(sonardata));
    /* 公告主題 */
    orb_advert_t rw_uart_sonar_pub = orb_advertise(ORB_ID(rw_uart_sonar), &sonardata);


    while(!thread_should_exit){
        read(uart_read,&data,1);
        if(data == 'R'){
            for(int i = 0;i <4;++i){
                read(uart_read,&data,1);
                buffer[i] = data;
                data = '0';
            }
            strncpy(sonardata.datastr,buffer,4);
            sonardata.data = atoi(sonardata.datastr);
            //printf("[YCM]sonar.data=%d\n",sonardata.data);
            orb_publish(ORB_ID(rw_uart_sonar), rw_uart_sonar_pub, &sonardata);
        }
    }

    warnx("[YCM]exiting");
    thread_running = false;
    close(uart_read);

    fflush(stdout);
    return 0;
}

3.2 測試釋出的主題—訂閱主題

  測試可以隨便一個啟動的app中進行主題訂閱,然後將訂閱的資料打印出來,看是否是超聲波的資料。這裡測試是在韌體的src/examples資料夾中的px4_simple_app應用進行測試的。

  • px4_simple_app應用新增到NuttShell中。Firmware/makefiles/nuttx/config_px4fmu-v2_default.mk檔案中新增如下內容:
    • MODULES += examples/px4_simple_app
  • px4_simple_app.c中程式碼內容:
#include <px4_config.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <uORB/uORB.h>
#include "rw_uart/rw_uart_sonar_topic.h"

__EXPORT int px4_simple_app_main(int argc, char *argv[]);

int px4_simple_app_main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    printf("Hello Sky!\n");

    /* subscribe to rw_uart_sonar topic */
    int sonar_sub_fd = orb_subscribe(ORB_ID(rw_uart_sonar));
    /*設定以一秒鐘接收一次,並打印出資料*/
    orb_set_interval(sonar_sub_fd, 1000);
    bool updated;
    struct rw_uart_sonar_data_s sonar;

    /*接收資料方式一:start*/
    /*
    while(true){
        orb_check(sonar_sub_fd, &updated);

        if (updated) {
            orb_copy(ORB_ID(rw_uart_sonar), sonar_sub_fd, &sonar);
            printf("[YCM]sonar.data=%d\n",sonar.data);
        }
        //else printf("[YCM]No soanar data update\n");
    }
    */
    /*接收資料方式一:end*/

    /*接收資料方式二:start*/
    /* one could wait for multiple topics with this technique, just using one here */
    struct pollfd fds[] = {
        { .fd = sonar_sub_fd,   .events = POLLIN },
        /* there could be more file descriptors here, in the form like:
         * { .fd = other_sub_fd,   .events = POLLIN },
         */
    };

    int error_counter = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {s
        /* wait for sensor update of 1 file descriptor for 1000 ms (1 second) */
        int poll_ret = poll(fds, 1, 1000);

        /* handle the poll result */
        if (poll_ret == 0) {
            /* this means none of our providers is giving us data */
            printf("[px4_simple_app] Got no data within a second\n");

        } else if (poll_ret < 0) {
            /* this is seriously bad - should be an emergency */
            if (error_counter < 10 || error_counter % 50 == 0) {
                /* use a counter to prevent flooding (and slowing us down) */
                printf("[px4_simple_app] ERROR return value from poll(): %d\n"
                       , poll_ret);
            }

            error_counter++;

        } else {

            if (fds[0].revents & POLLIN) {
                /* obtained data for the first file descriptor */
                struct rw_uart_sonar_data_s sonar;
                /* copy sensors raw data into local buffer */
                orb_copy(ORB_ID(rw_uart_sonar), sonar_sub_fd, &sonar);
                printf("[px4_simple_app] Sonar data:\t%s\t%d\n",
                       sonar.datastr,
                       sonar.data);
            }

            /* there could be more file descriptors here, in the form like:
             * if (fds[1..n].revents & POLLIN) {}
             */
        }
    }
    /*接收資料方式二:end*/

    return 0;
}
  • 編譯並刷韌體

    • make upload px4fmu-v2_default
  • 在NSH中測試(已加入自啟動指令碼中)

    • rw_uart start /dev/ttyS2
    • px4_simple_app

  這裡寫圖片描述

3.3 加入系統啟動指令碼

  可以加入到光流的自定義啟動指令碼中:/fs/microsd/etc/extras.txt。這樣隨著系統的自啟動,rw_uart就會預設啟動了。

# start sonar
rw_uart start /dev/ttyS2