1. 程式人生 > >在SSM下基於POI實現Excel表的匯入/匯出

在SSM下基於POI實現Excel表的匯入/匯出

對於批量資料的操作,在專案中引進Excel的匯入和匯出功能是個不錯的選擇。對於Excel表的結構,簡單理解可以把它分成三部分(SheetCellRow),這三部分可以理解為excel表中的。因此,我們想要獲取到某一個單元的內容,可以通過獲取該單元所在的頁數、對應所在的行和對應的列數從而定位到該單位,繼而便可執行操作從而獲取其中的內容。本文在SSM環境下基於Java的POI實現對excel的匯入匯出功能也是相似的思路。

準備工作:

匯入POI對應的Jar包

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
    <version>3.14-beta1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi-ooxml-schemas</artifactId>
    <version>3.14-beta1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
    <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
    <version>3.14-beta1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>

建立一個ExcelBean實現對資料的封裝

public class ExcelBean implements  java.io.Serializable{
    private String headTextName; //列頭(標題)名
    private String propertyName; //對應欄位名
    private Integer cols; //合併單元格數
    private XSSFCellStyle cellStyle;
    public ExcelBean(){
    }
    public ExcelBean(String headTextName, String propertyName){
        this.headTextName = headTextName;
        this.propertyName = propertyName;
    }
    public ExcelBean(String headTextName, String propertyName, Integer cols) {
        super();
        this.headTextName = headTextName;
        this.propertyName = propertyName;
        this.cols = cols;
    }
    /* 省略了get和set方法 */
}

建立一個Excel匯入匯出工具類ExcelUtil

public class ExcelUtil {
    private final static String excel2003L =".xls";    //2003- 版本的excel
    private final static String excel2007U =".xlsx";   //2007+ 版本的excel
    /**
     * Excel匯入
     */
    public static  List<List<Object>> getBankListByExcel(InputStream in, String fileName) throws Exception{
        List<List<Object>> list = null;
        //建立Excel工作薄
        Workbook work = getWorkbook(in,fileName);
        if(null == work){
            throw new Exception("建立Excel工作薄為空!");
        }
        Sheet sheet = null;
        Row row = null;
        Cell cell = null;
        list = new ArrayList<List<Object>>();
        //遍歷Excel中所有的sheet
        for (int i = 0; i < work.getNumberOfSheets(); i++) {
            sheet = work.getSheetAt(i);
            if(sheet==null){continue;}
            //遍歷當前sheet中的所有行
            //包涵頭部,所以要小於等於最後一列數,這裡也可以在初始值加上頭部行數,以便跳過頭部
            for (int j = sheet.getFirstRowNum(); j <= sheet.getLastRowNum(); j++) {
                //讀取一行
                row = sheet.getRow(j);
                //去掉空行和表頭
                if(row==null||row.getFirstCellNum()==j){continue;}
                //遍歷所有的列
                List<Object> li = new ArrayList<Object>();
                for (int y = row.getFirstCellNum(); y < row.getLastCellNum(); y++) {
                    cell = row.getCell(y);
                    li.add(getCellValue(cell));
                }
                list.add(li);
            }
        }
        return list;
    }
    /**
     * 描述:根據檔案字尾,自適應上傳檔案的版本
     */
    public static  Workbook getWorkbook(InputStream inStr,String fileName) throws Exception{
        Workbook wb = null;
        String fileType = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
        if(excel2003L.equals(fileType)){
            wb = new HSSFWorkbook(inStr);  //2003-
        }else if(excel2007U.equals(fileType)){
            wb = new XSSFWorkbook(inStr);  //2007+
        }else{
            throw new Exception("解析的檔案格式有誤!");
        }
        return wb;
    }
    /**
     * 描述:對錶格中數值進行格式化
     */
    public static  Object getCellValue(Cell cell){
        Object value = null;
        DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("0");  //格式化字元型別的數字
        SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyy-MM-dd");  //日期格式化
        DecimalFormat df2 = new DecimalFormat("0.00");  //格式化數字
        switch (cell.getCellType()) {
            case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
                value = cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString();
                break;
            case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
                if("General".equals(cell.getCellStyle().getDataFormatString())){
                    value = df.format(cell.getNumericCellValue());
                }else if("m/d/yy".equals(cell.getCellStyle().getDataFormatString())){
                    value = sdf.format(cell.getDateCellValue());
                }else{
                    value = df2.format(cell.getNumericCellValue());
                }
                break;
            case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
                value = cell.getBooleanCellValue();
                break;
            case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
                value = "";
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        return value;
    }
    /**
     * 匯入Excel表結束
     * 匯出Excel表開始
     * @param sheetName 工作簿名稱
     * @param clazz  資料來源model型別
     * @param objs   excel標題列以及對應model欄位名
     * @param map  標題列行數以及cell字型樣式
     */
    public static XSSFWorkbook createExcelFile(Class clazz, List objs, Map<Integer, List<ExcelBean>> map, String sheetName) throws 
IllegalArgumentException,IllegalAccessException,InvocationTargetException,
ClassNotFoundException, IntrospectionException, ParseException {
        // 建立新的Excel工作簿
        XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook();
        // 在Excel工作簿中建一工作表,其名為預設值, 也可以指定Sheet名稱
        XSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(sheetName);
        // 以下為excel的字型樣式以及excel的標題與內容的建立,下面會具體分析;
        createFont(workbook); //字型樣式
        createTableHeader(sheet, map); //建立標題(頭)
        createTableRows(sheet, map, objs, clazz); //建立內容
        return workbook;
    }
    private static XSSFCellStyle fontStyle;
    private static XSSFCellStyle fontStyle2;
    public static void createFont(XSSFWorkbook workbook) {
        // 表頭
        fontStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
        XSSFFont font1 = workbook.createFont();
        font1.setBoldweight(XSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
        font1.setFontName("黑體");
        font1.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 14);// 設定字型大小
        fontStyle.setFont(font1);
        fontStyle.setBorderBottom(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); // 下邊框
        fontStyle.setBorderLeft(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);// 左邊框
        fontStyle.setBorderTop(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);// 上邊框
        fontStyle.setBorderRight(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);// 右邊框
        fontStyle.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); // 居中
        // 內容
        fontStyle2=workbook.createCellStyle();
        XSSFFont font2 = workbook.createFont();
        font2.setFontName("宋體");
        font2.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 10);// 設定字型大小
        fontStyle2.setFont(font2);
        fontStyle2.setBorderBottom(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN); // 下邊框
        fontStyle2.setBorderLeft(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);// 左邊框
        fontStyle2.setBorderTop(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);// 上邊框
        fontStyle2.setBorderRight(XSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);// 右邊框
        fontStyle2.setAlignment(XSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); // 居中
    }
    /**
     * 根據ExcelMapping 生成列頭(多行列頭)
     *
     * @param sheet 工作簿
     * @param map 每行每個單元格對應的列頭資訊
     */
    public static final void createTableHeader(XSSFSheet sheet, Map<Integer, List<ExcelBean>> map) {
        int startIndex=0;//cell起始位置
        int endIndex=0;//cell終止位置
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, List<ExcelBean>> entry : map.entrySet()) {
            XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(entry.getKey());
            List<ExcelBean> excels = entry.getValue();
            for (int x = 0; x < excels.size(); x++) {
                //合併單元格
                if(excels.get(x).getCols()>1){
                    if(x==0){
                        endIndex+=excels.get(x).getCols()-1;
                        CellRangeAddress range=new CellRangeAddress(0,0,startIndex,endIndex);
                        sheet.addMergedRegion(range);
                        startIndex+=excels.get(x).getCols();
                    }else{
                        endIndex+=excels.get(x).getCols();
                        CellRangeAddress range=new CellRangeAddress(0,0,startIndex,endIndex);
                        sheet.addMergedRegion(range);
                        startIndex+=excels.get(x).getCols();
                    }
                    XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(startIndex-excels.get(x).getCols());
                    cell.setCellValue(excels.get(x).getHeadTextName());// 設定內容
                    if (excels.get(x).getCellStyle() != null) {
                        cell.setCellStyle(excels.get(x).getCellStyle());// 設定格式
                    }
                    cell.setCellStyle(fontStyle);
                }else{
                    XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(x);
                    cell.setCellValue(excels.get(x).getHeadTextName());// 設定內容
                    if (excels.get(x).getCellStyle() != null) {
                        cell.setCellStyle(excels.get(x).getCellStyle());// 設定格式
                    }
                    cell.setCellStyle(fontStyle);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    public static void createTableRows(XSSFSheet sheet, Map<Integer, List<ExcelBean>> map, List objs, Class clazz)
            throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, IntrospectionException,
            ClassNotFoundException, ParseException {
        int rowindex = map.size();
        int maxKey = 0;
        List<ExcelBean> ems = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Map.Entry<Integer, List<ExcelBean>> entry : map.entrySet()) {
            if (entry.getKey() > maxKey) {
                maxKey = entry.getKey();
            }
        }
        ems = map.get(maxKey);
        List<Integer> widths = new ArrayList<Integer>(ems.size());
        for (Object obj : objs) {
            XSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rowindex);
            for (int i = 0; i < ems.size(); i++) {
                ExcelBean em = (ExcelBean) ems.get(i);
                // 獲得get方法
                PropertyDescriptor pd = new PropertyDescriptor(em.getPropertyName(), clazz);
                Method getMethod = pd.getReadMethod();
                Object rtn = getMethod.invoke(obj);
                String value = "";
                // 如果是日期型別進行轉換
                if (rtn != null) {
                    if (rtn instanceof Date) {
                        value = DateUtils.formatDate((Date)rtn,"yyyy-MM-dd");
                    } else if(rtn instanceof BigDecimal){
                        NumberFormat nf = new DecimalFormat("#,##0.00");
                        value=nf.format((BigDecimal)rtn).toString();
                    } else if((rtn instanceof Integer) && (Integer.valueOf(rtn.toString())<0 )){
                        value="--";
                    }else {
                        value = rtn.toString();
                    }
                }
                XSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
                cell.setCellValue(value);
                cell.setCellType(XSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
                cell.setCellStyle(fontStyle2);
                // 獲得最大列寬
                int width = value.getBytes().length * 300;
                // 還未設定,設定當前
                if (widths.size() <= i) {
                    widths.add(width);
                    continue;
                }
                // 比原來大,更新資料
                if (width > widths.get(i)) {
                    widths.set(i, width);
                }
            }
            rowindex++;
        }
        // 設定列寬
        for (int index = 0; index < widths.size(); index++) {
            Integer width = widths.get(index);
            width = width < 2500 ? 2500 : width + 300;
            width = width > 10000 ? 10000 + 300 : width + 300;
            sheet.setColumnWidth(index, width);
        }
    }
}

匯入:

Excel表匯入控制器層實現

@RequestMapping("/import")
public String impotr(HttpServletRequest request, Model model) throws Exception {
     int adminId = 1;
     //獲取上傳的檔案
     MultipartHttpServletRequest multipart = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) request;
     MultipartFile file = multipart.getFile("upfile");
     String month = request.getParameter("month");
     InputStream in = file.getInputStream();
     //資料匯入
     salaryService.importExcelInfo(in,file,month,adminId);
     in.close();
     return "redirect:/salary/index.html";
}

Service層,這裡是介面importExcellnfo的實現方法,呼叫了ExcelUtil裡的方法

public void importExcelInfo(InputStream in, MultipartFile file, String salaryDate,Integer adminId) throws Exception{
    List<List<Object>> listob = ExcelUtil.getBankListByExcel(in,file.getOriginalFilename());
    List<Salarymanage> salaryList = new ArrayList<Salarymanage>();
    //遍歷listob資料,把資料放到List中
    for (int i = 0; i < listob.size(); i++) {
        List<Object> ob = listob.get(i);
        Salarymanage salarymanage = new Salarymanage();
        //設定編號
        salarymanage.setSerial(SerialUtil.salarySerial());
        //通過遍歷實現把每一列封裝成一個model中,再把所有的model用List集合裝載
        salarymanage.setAdminId(adminId);
        salarymanage.setCompany(String.valueOf(ob.get(1)));
        salarymanage.setNumber(String.valueOf(ob.get(2)));
        salarymanage.setName(String.valueOf(ob.get(3)));
        salarymanage.setSex(String.valueOf(ob.get(4)));
        salarymanage.setCardName(String.valueOf(ob.get(5)));
        salarymanage.setBankCard(String.valueOf(ob.get(6)));
        salarymanage.setBank(String.valueOf(ob.get(7)));
        //object型別轉Double型別
        salarymanage.setMoney(Double.parseDouble(ob.get(8).toString()));
        salarymanage.setRemark(String.valueOf(ob.get(9)));
        salarymanage.setSalaryDate(salaryDate);
        salaryList.add(salarymanage);
    }
    //批量插入
    salarymanageDao.insertInfoBatch(salaryList);
}

接著是mapper.xml,用<foreach></foreach>實現資料批量插入

<insert id="insertInfoBatch" parameterType="java.util.List">
    insert into salarymanage (admin_id, serial,company, number, name,sex, card_name, bank_card,
      bank, money, remark,salary_date)
    values
    <foreach collection="list" item="item" index="index" separator=",">
      (#{item.adminId}, #{item.serial}, #{item.company},#{item.number}, #{item.name},
      #{item.sex}, #{item.cardName},#{item.bankCard}, #{item.bank},
      #{item.money}, #{item.remark}, #{item.salaryDate})
    </foreach>
</insert>

到這裡,excel表的匯入功能便完成了。這裡補充一下mybatis裡<foreach>裡面的部分引數,collection是傳入引數的型別,如果傳入引數是List,這裡便是list,如果是一個數組,便是array,separator指的是資料之間用“,”隔開,這也是借鑑了mysql插入多條資料的寫法,具體的執行效率還沒做多的探討,我試過匯入100條資料,效率還是可以接受的,如果有人有更好的寫法,歡迎留言交流。

匯出:

Excel匯出Controller端實現

@RequestMapping("/export")
public @ResponseBody void export(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throwsClassNotFoundException, IntrospectionException, IllegalAccessException, ParseException, InvocationTargetException {
    String salaryDate = request.getParameter("salaryDate");
    if(salaryDate!=""){
        response.reset(); //清除buffer快取
        Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
        // 指定下載的檔名,瀏覽器都會使用本地編碼,即GBK,瀏覽器收到這個檔名後,用ISO-8859-1來解碼,然後用GBK來顯示
        // 所以我們用GBK解碼,ISO-8859-1來編碼,在瀏覽器那邊會反過來執行。
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + new String(salaryDate.getBytes("GBK"),"ISO-8859-1"));
        response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=UTF-8");
        response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
        response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
        XSSFWorkbook workbook=null;
        //匯出Excel物件
        workbook = salaryService.exportExcelInfo(salaryDate);
        OutputStream output;
        try {
            output = response.getOutputStream();
            BufferedOutputStream bufferedOutPut = new BufferedOutputStream(output);
            bufferedOutPut.flush();
            workbook.write(bufferedOutPut);
            bufferedOutPut.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Service層,這裡是exportExcelInfo的實現方法

public XSSFWorkbook exportExcelInfo(String salaryDate) throws InvocationTargetException, ClassNotFoundException, IntrospectionException, ParseException, IllegalAccessException {
    //根據條件查詢資料,把資料裝載到一個list中
    List<Salarymanage> list = salarymanageDao.selectApartInfo(salaryDate);
    for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++){
        //查詢財務名字
        int adminId = list.get(i).getAdminId();
        String adminName = salarymanageDao.selectAdminNameById(adminId);
        list.get(i).setAdminName(adminName);
        list.get(i).setId(i+1);
    }
    List<ExcelBean> excel=new ArrayList<>();
    Map<Integer,List<ExcelBean>> map=new LinkedHashMap<>();
    XSSFWorkbook xssfWorkbook=null;
    //設定標題欄
    excel.add(new ExcelBean("序號","id",0));
    excel.add(new ExcelBean("廠名","company",0));
    excel.add(new ExcelBean("工號","number",0));
    excel.add(new ExcelBean("姓名","name",0));
    excel.add(new ExcelBean("性別","sex",0));
    excel.add(new ExcelBean("開戶名","cardName",0));
    excel.add(new ExcelBean("銀行卡號","bankCard",0));
    excel.add(new ExcelBean("開戶行","bank",0));
    excel.add(new ExcelBean("金額","money",0));
    excel.add(new ExcelBean("備註","remark",0));
    map.put(0, excel);
    String sheetName = salaryDate + "月份收入";
    //呼叫ExcelUtil的方法
    xssfWorkbook = ExcelUtil.createExcelFile(Salarymanage.class, list, map, sheetName);
    return xssfWorkbook;
}

這裡不寫出匯出功能的mapper.xml實現語句了,具體實現也就是資料查詢,把查詢出來的資料轉載到一個List中。前端的話便是一個連結的請求,同時補充一點,ajax請求是不支援excel表匯出的,因此對於匯出時間較長,需要對匯出成功做出判斷的可以選擇在後端生成json資料,在前端利用js進行excel表匯出。

以上便是在SSM下使用POI實現excel表的匯入和匯出的整體思路,主要的匯入和匯出的核心方法都封裝在ExcelUtil這個工具類中,但面對具體的表格需要具體分析迴圈的開始,以便能夠去除表頭或者標題欄。