序言：多例項？Why？

隨著硬體層面的發展，linux系統多核已經是普通趨勢，而mysql是單程序多執行緒，所以先天上對多程序的利用不是很高，雖然5.6版本已經在這方面改進很多，但是也沒有達到100%，所以為了充分的利用系統資源，mysql有自己的補充，那就是可以部署多例項，一個例項一個埠。

1，準備好mysql環境

1.1，準備好安裝環境

         groupaddmysql

         useradd-g mysql mysql 

         autoreconf--force --install

         libtoolize--automake --force

         automake--force --add-missing

         yuminstall -y libtoolize

         yuminstall cmake -y

         yuminstall gcc gcc-c++ -y

         yuminstall -y ncurses-devel.x86_64

         yuminstall -y cmake.x86_64

         yuminstall -y libaio.x86_64

         yuminstall -y bison.x86_64

         yuminstall -y gcc-c++.x86_64

         yuminstall make -y

1.2，建立mysql編譯根目錄

         mkdir-p /usr/local/mysql

1.3，解壓縮原始碼包

          tar -xvf mysql-5.6.12.tar.gz

          cd mysql-5.6.12

1.4，編譯安裝

         timecmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/home/data/mysql/data -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR==/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_USER=mysql-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci

         由於time make耗時比較長，所以事先已經安裝好

         timemake

         timemake install

2，準備第一個例項3307

2.1建立好目錄

mkdir /usr/local/mysql3307

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql3307/

mkdir -p /home/data/mysql3307/data

chown -R mysql.mysql /home/data/mysql3307

chown -R mysql.mysql/home/data/mysql3307/data

mkdir -p /home/data/mysql3307/binlog

chown -R mysql.mysql /home/data/mysql3307

mkdir -p /home/data/mysql3307/relay_log/

chown -R mysql.mysql /home/data/mysql3307/

2.2 配置檔案

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

mysqladmin =/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

log =/home/mysql/mydata/log/mysqld_multi.log

[mysqld1]

socket = /usr/local/mysql3307/mysql.sock

port = 3307

pid-file = /usr/local/mysql3307/mysqld.pid

datadir = /home/data/mysql3307/data

log_bin=/home/data/mysql3307/binlog

server-id = 1230

relay_log =/home/data/mysql3307/relay_log/mysql-relay-bin

log_slave_updates = 1

read_only = 0

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0

2.3 初始化資料庫

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/data/mysql3307/data

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<版權所有，文章允許轉載，但必須以連結方式註明源地址，否則追究法律責任!>原部落格地址：原作者：黃杉(mchdba)
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3，準備第二個例項3308

3.1 建立好目錄

mkdir /usr/local/mysql3308

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql3308/

mkdir -p /home/data/mysql3308/data

chown -R mysql.mysql /home/data/mysql3308

chown -R mysql.mysql/home/data/mysql3308/data

mkdir -p /home/data/mysql3308/binlog

chown -R mysql.mysql /home/data/mysql3308

mkdir -p /home/data/mysql3308/relay_log/

chown -R mysql.mysql /home/data/mysql3308/

3.2 配置檔案

[mysqld2]

socket = /usr/local/mysql3308/mysql.sock

port = 3308

pid-file = /usr/local/mysql3308/mysqld.pid

datadir = /home/data/mysql3308/data

log_bin=/home/data/mysql3308/binlog

server-id = 2230

relay_log =/home/data/mysql3308/relay_log/mysql-relay-bin

log_slave_updates = 1

read_only = 0

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0

3.3 初始化資料庫

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/data/mysql3308/data

4，準備第三個例項3309

4.1 建立好目錄

mkdir /usr/local/mysql3309

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql3309/

mkdir -p /home/data/mysql3309/data

chown -R mysql.mysql /home/data/mysql3309

chown -R mysql.mysql/home/data/mysql3309/data

mkdir -p /home/data/mysql3309/binlog

chown -R mysql.mysql /home/data/mysql3309

mkdir -p /home/data/mysql3309/relay_log/

chown -R mysql.mysql /home/data/mysql3309/

4.2 配置檔案

[mysqld3]

socket = /usr/local/mysql3309/mysql.sock

port = 3309

pid-file = /usr/local/mysql3309/mysqld.pid

datadir = /home/data/mysql3309/data

log_bin=/home/data/mysql3309/binlog

server-id = 3230

relay_log = /home/data/mysql3309/relay_log/mysql-relay-bin

log_slave_updates = 1

read_only = 0

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0

4.3 初始化資料庫

/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db--user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/data/mysql3309/data

初始化資訊如下所示：

  [[email protected] ~]$ /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/home/data/mysql3309/data

WARNING: Could not write to config file /usr/local/mysql/my-new.cnf: 許可權不夠

Installing MySQL system tables...2015-05-14 09:31:20 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Warning] Buffered warning: Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Warning] Buffered warning: Changed limits: table_cache: 431 (requested 2000)

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Note] InnoDB: The first specified data file ./ibdata1 did not exist: a new database to be created!

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Setting file ./ibdata1 size to 12 MB

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Database physically writes the file full: wait...

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile101 size to 48 MB

2015-05-14 09:31:20 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Setting log file ./ib_logfile1 size to 48 MB

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Renaming log file ./ib_logfile101 to ./ib_logfile0

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45781

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer not found: creating new

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Doublewrite buffer created

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Creating tablespace and datafile system tables.

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Tablespace and datafile system tables created.

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.12 started; log sequence number 0

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] Binlog end

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.

2015-05-14 09:31:21 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12307 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625977

OK

Filling help tables...2015-05-14 09:31:22 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Warning] Buffered warning: Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000)

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Warning] Buffered warning: Changed limits: table_cache: 431 (requested 2000)

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: 5.6.12 started; log sequence number 1625977

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] Binlog end

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.

2015-05-14 09:31:22 12332 [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

2015-05-14 09:31:24 12332 [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1625987

OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy

support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !

To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'

  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h data02 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:

  /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test

databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is

strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:

  cd . ; /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl

  cd mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the ./bin/mysqlbug script!

The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at

  http://www.mysql.com

Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http://shop.mysql.com

WARNING: Could not copy config file template /usr/local/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf to

/usr/local/mysql/my-new.cnf, may not have access rights to do so.

You may want to copy the file manually, or create your own,

it will then be used by default by the server when you start it.

WARNING: Default config file /etc/my.cnf exists on the system

This file will be read by default by the MySQL server

If you do not want to use this, either remove it, or use the

--defaults-file argument to mysqld_safe when starting the server

5，啟動多例項資料庫

mkdir -p /home/mysql/data/log

[[email protected] data]$ mysqld_multi--defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf start 1,2,3

[[email protected] data]$

後臺日誌資訊：

Starting MySQL servers

150514 09:36:14 mysqld_safe Logging to'/home/data/mysql3309/data/data02.err'.

150514 09:36:15 mysqld_safe Logging to '/home/data/mysql3308/data/data02.err'.

150514 09:36:15 mysqld_safe Logging to'/home/data/mysql3307/data/data02.err'.

150514 09:36:15 mysqld_safe Starting mysqlddaemon with databases from /home/data/mysql3308/data

150514 09:36:15 mysqld_safe Starting mysqlddaemon with databases from /home/data/mysql3307/data

150514 09:36:15 mysqld_safe Starting mysqlddaemon with databases from /home/data/mysql3309/data

6，檢視多例項

[[email protected] ~]$ mysqld_multi--defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf report

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running

[[email protected] ~]$

後臺日誌資訊：

Reporting MySQL servers

MySQL server from group: mysqld1 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld2 is running

MySQL server from group: mysqld3 is running

7，停止多例項

mysqld_multi--defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf stop 1,2,3

後臺日誌資訊：

Stopping MySQL servers

150514 09:35:43 mysqld_safe mysqld from pidfile /usr/local/mysql3309/mysqld.pid ended

150514 09:35:43 mysqld_safe mysqld from pidfile /usr/local/mysql3307/mysqld.pid ended

150514 09:35:43 mysqld_safe mysqld from pidfile /usr/local/mysql3308/mysqld.pid ended

8，各自登入mysql例項

需要指定啟動的socket就可以登入到各自的mysql例項，如下所示：

[[email protected] ~]$ mysql --socket=/usr/local/mysql3308/mysql.sock

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 2

Server version: 5.6.12-log Sourcedistribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or itsaffiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of OracleCorporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarksof their respective

owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' toclear the current input statement.

mysql> select @@port;

+--------+

| @@port |

+--------+

|  3308 |

+--------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

mysql> create database d3308;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)

mysql>

9，可以在多埠上搭建主從、主主服務

9.1，在3307例項建立賬號

         複製賬號

         GRANTREPLICATION SLAVE,RELOAD,SUPER ON *.*TO [email protected]'192.168.52.%' IDENTIFIED BY'repl_1234';

         備份賬號

         GRANTRELOAD, SUPER, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE TABLESPACE ON *.* TO'backup'@'192.168.%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';

         GRANTALL PRIVILEGES ON `mysql`.* TO 'backup'@'192.168.%';

         GRANTEVENT ON *.* TO 'backup'@'192.168.%';

9.2，將資料從3307例項同步到3308埠

         備份：

         /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump-ubackup --password=123456 --host=192.168.52.138--socket=/usr/local/mysql3307/mysql.sock --port=3307 -R -E --skip-opt--single-transaction --flush-logs --master-data=2 --add-drop-table--create-option --quick --extended-insert=false --set-charset --disable-keys-A  > /tmp/alldbfullbackup.sql

         匯入：

         /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql-uroot -p --socket=/usr/local/mysql3308/mysql.sock --port=3308</tmp/alldbfullbackup.sql

9.3，在3308例項上建立複製連結

         找到複製點

         more/tmp/alldbfullbackup.sql

         開始建立複製連結

          CHANGE MASTER TOMASTER_HOST='192.168.52.138',MASTER_PORT=3307,

        MASTER_USER='repl',

         MASTER_PASSWORD='repl_1234',

        MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000006',

        MASTER_LOG_POS=120;

         開啟複製

         startslave;

         檢視複製狀態

         showslave status\G;

mysql> show slave status\G

*************************** 1. row***************************

               Slave_IO_State: Waiting formaster to send event

                  Master_Host: 192.168.52.138

                  Master_User: repl

                  Master_Port: 3307

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000011

         Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120

               Relay_Log_File:mysql-relay-bin.000005

                Relay_Log_Pos: 283

       Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000011

            Slave_IO_Running: Yes

            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

                   ……

Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

10，管理單個例項

停止例項2：

[[email protected] ~]# mysqld_multi--defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf stop 2

[[email protected] ~]#

後臺日誌資訊：

Stopping MySQL servers

150517 06:53:43 mysqld_safe mysqld from pidfile /usr/local/mysql3308/mysqld.pid ended

mysqld_multi log file version 2.16; run: 日  5月 17 06:53:48 2015

啟動例項2：

[[email protected] ~]# mysqld_multi--defaults-extra-file=/etc/my.cnf start 2

[[email protected] ~]#

後臺日誌資訊：

Starting MySQL servers

150517 06:53:48 mysqld_safe Logging to'/home/data/mysql3308/data/data03.err'.

150517 06:53:48 mysqld_safe Starting mysqlddaemon with databases from /home/data/mysql3308/data

11，如何使用多例項

由於多例項中，各個例項的資源都是不share的，所以要合理分配好各個例項的記憶體、磁碟等資源，避免out of memery或則 full disk的情況出現。