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Execute User Data After the Initial Launch of Your EC2 Instance

As part of the metadata included with Amazon EC2 instances, user data can be used to install packages or scripts. By default user data is executed once, at the first boot of the instance.

There are situations that would benefit from the ability to execute user data a second time--for example, if the SSH private key is lost and you are unable to log in to the instance. Repairing the instance might involve either creating an AMI or attaching the volume to another instance to troubleshoot. There are situations where that would be the preferred method. However, an alternative method can be resolved with a few commands.

Note: Back up your data before proceeding further. For more information, see Best Practices for Amazon EC2.

The user data provided should be removed from the instance after the issue is resolved. We recommend considering the security implications of being able to run user data beyond the first boot of an instance. Modifying the user data of an instance is done through the ModifyInstanceAttribute

API.

Note: IAM policies can be created to restrict this method.

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